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Graphing Periodic Trends Computer Activity – Academic Chemistry
BACKGROUND:
In 1870, Dmitri Mendeleev first proposed a new way of studying and organizing the then known 63
elements. The modern form of the table has been modified and improved many times since Mendeleev’s
tables. Pioneers like Moseley (1913) and Seaborg (1941) have made the properties of the elements much
simpler to study and understand.
In this activity, you are going to discover some of the trends of the properties that exist on the modern
periodic table. To do this, you are going to graph these properties.
OBJECTIVES: The student will be able to…
 define some of the properties of the element
 graph the properties of the elements
 determine the general trends found on the periodic table
PROCEDURE:
1. In Excel, graph the trend of density (elements 1-36). The LINE GRAPH should have the atomic number
on the x-axis and density on the y-axis. Answer the questions about this graph and what conclusions you
would draw. See the back of your textbook for density values (appendix B; R47 - R49)
2. In Excel, graph the trend of density within a group (Group 2A and 5A). Plot both sets of data on the
same graph. Atomic number should be on the x-axis and density on the y-axis.
3. In Excel, graph the trend of first ionization energy (elements 1-36). The graph should have the atomic
number on the x-axis and ionization energy on the y-axis.
4. In Excel, graph the trend of electronegativity (elements 1-36). The graph should have the atomic number
on the x-axis and electronegativity on the y-axis.
5. In Excel, graph the trend of atomic radius (elements 1-36). The graph should have the atomic number on
the x-axis and atomic radius on the y-axis.
Density Graph
1. Create the graph as described in the procedure.
2. Define density.
3. What is the trend as you move across a period (row)?
4.
On the representation of the periodic table (right), draw arrows to represent an increasing density.
Density (within a Group)
1. Create a graph as described in the procedure, but use only elements in Group 2A and 5A.
2.
What is the trend as you move down Group 2A? As you move down Group 5A?
3.
On the representation of the periodic table (right), draw arrows to represent an increasing density.
Ionization Energy
1. Create the graph as described in the procedure.
2. Define ionization energy.
3.
What is the trend as you move down a group (column)?
4.
What is the trend as you move across a period (row)?
5.
On the representation of the periodic table (right), draw arrows to represent increasing first ionization energy.
Electronegativity
1. Create the graph as described in the procedure.
2. Define electronegativity.
3.
What is the trend as you move down a group (column)?
4.
What is the trend as you move across a period (row)?
5.
On the representation of the periodic table (right), draw arrows to represent an increasing electronegativity.
Atomic Radius
1. Create the graph as described in the procedure.
2. Define atomic radius.
3.
What is the trend as you move down a group (column)?
4.
What is the trend as you move across a period (row)?
5.
On the representation of the periodic table (right), draw arrows to represent an increasing atomic radius.
6.
When an atom loses an electron, what is its charge? What do you think happens to the size of the atom?
7.
When an atom gains an electron, what is its charge? What do you think happens to the size of the atom?
8.
Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radius: potassium, carbon, rubidium, iodine, fluorine, and lithium.
Explain your order.
9.
What exceptions do you find in the increase of ionization energies across a period?
10. Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing ionization energy: lithium, oxygen, magnesium, strontium, chlorine, and
tellurium. Explain your order.
Element
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Ionization Energy
(kJ/mole)
1312
2373
513
899
801
1086
1402
1314
1681
2081
496
738
577
789
1012
1000
1251
1520
419
590
633
659
651
653
717
762
760
737
746
906
579
762
947
941
1140
1351
Atomic Radius
(pm)
37
32
134
125
90
77
75
73
71
69
154
145
130
118
110
102
99
97
196
174
144
132
122
118
139
125
126
118
117
120
120
122
122
117
114
110
Electronegativity
2.2
1
1.6
2
2.6
3
3.4
4
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.2
0.8
1
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.9
2
1.7
1.8
2
2.2
2.5
3