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Transcript
Chapter 14 Vocabulary Character P generation Homozygous epistasis Genotype dominant allele Recessive allele Multiple alleles polygenic inheritance Trait F1 generation heterozygous pleiotropy testcross hybridization alleles monohybrid cross True-breeding F2 generation phenotype codominance dihybrid cross incomplete dominance law of segregation Law of independent assortment Complete dominance Lecture 14 Outline I. II. III. Gregor Mendel’s Discoveries A. Mendel brought an experiment and quantitative approach to genetics: science as a process B. By the law of segregation, the two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes 1. Some useful genetics vocabulary a. homozygous b. heterozygous c. phenotype d. genotype 2. The testcross C. By the law of independent assortment, each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently D. Mendelian inertitance reflects rules of probability 1. Rule of multiplication 2. Rule of addition 3. Using rules of probability to solve genetics problems E. Mendel discovered the particulate behavior of genes: a review Extending Mendelian Genetics A. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely simple 1. Incomplete dominance 2. What is a dominant allele? 3. Multiple alleles 4. Pleiotropy 5. Epistasis 6. Polygenic inheritance 7. Nature versus nurture: the environmental impact on phenotype 8. integrating a Mendelian view of heredity and variation Mendelian Inheritance in Humans A. Pedigree analysis reveals Mendelian patterns in human inheritance B. Many human disorders follow Mendelian pattern of inheritance 1. Recessively inherited disorders 2. Dominantly inherited disorders 3. Multifactorial disorders C. Technology is providing new tools for genetic testing and counseling 1. Carrier recognition 2. Fetal Testing 3. Newborn screening