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WW2 Outline
I.
Versailles Treaty
A. Territorial Losses:
1. Alsace Lorraine (given to France)
2. Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)
3. Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)
4. Hultschin (given to Denmark)
5. West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland)
6. The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations
7. The League of Nations took control of German overseas colonies
8. Germany had to return to Russia the land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
B. Military Restrictions:
1. The army was reduced to 100,000 men
2. No tanks
3. No air force
4. Only 6 capital naval ships
5. No submarines
6. West of the Rhineland and 50 km east of the Rhine River was made into a demilitarized zone.
(DMZ)
7. The allies were to occupy the west bank for 15 years
C. Financial Responsibility:
1. Reparations were eventually put at 6,600 million pounds
2. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate. This limited Germany’s ability
to develop economically and to pay back reparations.
D. The War Guilt Clause: Probably the worst part of the treaty was this clause that blamed the entire war on
Germany.
II.
Post WWI Economic Trouble
A. Hyperinflation: The best definition of hyperinflation is price increases that are so out of control as to
make the concept of inflation meaningless. For example, in Germany between January 1922 and
November 1923 (less than two years!) the average price level increased by a factor of about 20 billion.
The German hyperinflation had its roots in the Treaty of Versailles, where the victorious allied nations
imposed impossible war "reparation" payments on Germany. . Faced with financial debts beyond the
economic capacity to generate the required amount of payment, the German government started printing
the money to meet its obligations. As you see in this course, a major cause of inflation is printing money
in large quantities, which can lead to an inflationary spiral. During the hyperinflation, German workers
would be paid in three shifts during the day. For example, after working the morning shift, workers
would race to spend their fresh salary, which would be worthless within another few hours.
B. Unemployment:
1. 1927: Unemployment rises but reaches no dramatic levels.
2. 1929: Unemployment in Germany rises to a high level early in the year.
3. 1933: 6 million Germans were unemployed – nearly 50% of the nation’s working population.
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C. Reparation Payments:
1. The economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles was crushing. Germany lost:
a. 13 per cent of her territory
b. 10 per cent of her population
c. 15 per cent of arable land
d. 75 per cent of iron
e. 68 per cent of zinc ore
f. 26 per cent of her coal resources
g. The entire Alsatian potash and textile industries and the
h. Communications system built around Alsace-Lorraine and Upper Silesia.
i. Huge amounts of ships and shipping facilities and of railway rolling stock were delivered to the
Allies.
2. The amount of reparations fixed in 1921 was estimated by J. M. Keynes to exceed by three times
Germany's ability to pay.
III.
Hitler’s Early Years
A. Family:
1. Parents
a. Father: Alois Schickelgruber
b. Mother: Klara Hitler
2. Siblings
a. Two children died in childhood of diphtheria, one shortly after birth
b. Edmund – 5 years younger
c. Paula – 7 years younger
d. A ½ brother and a ½ sister from his fathers other marriages
B. Homes:
1. Born in Austrian town of Braunau
2. At 3 moved to Passau along Inn River on the German side of the border
3. At 6 moved to the farm community of Hafield, 30 miles SW of Linz.
4. Lived for some time across from a Benedictine monastery
C. Talents/Careers:
1. Seriously considered priesthood as a youth. (Note: Monastery he lived near had a coat of arms with
a swastika).
2. Had artistic talent but was a poor student. Did not gain entrance into prestigious art school in
Vienna.
3. After parents both died, became a vagrant in Vienna.
4. Tried to avoid military service but was caught. Found too weak, unfit, and unable to bear arms.
IV.
Hitler’s WWI Service
A. Volunteered for service due to his hatred of foreigners
B. Hitler’s service years:
1. Served 4 years in the trenches
2. Rose only to the rank of lance corporal
a. Was not well liked by fellow soldiers
b. Displayed great bravery in action
c. Probably was not promoted because men didn’t like him
3. Narrowly escaped death several times – was awarded 2 iron crosses
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V.
A.
B.
VI.
A.
B.
C.
VII.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. In 1918was temporarily blinded by mustard gas and was hospitalized
5. While recovering, Germany surrendered, Hitler was devastated
Free Corps
Vigilante War Veterans who banded together to fight communists who were trying to take over
Germany.
Became the Brown Shirts or the “SA” = the Nazi parties army.
Weimer Republic
The government that was established at the end of WWI, it was a parliamentary democracy.
They are blamed for signing the armistice agreement ending the war – a baseless accusation since the
German generals knew the war was lost and had sought an armistice. The government also ratified The
Versailles Treaty, which the Germans hated.
Three parties wanted to bring down the republic:
1. Communists
2. Nationalists
3. National Socialist German Workers Party (led by Adolf Hitler)
German Workers Party
Initially just a small disorganized organization that Hitler joins
Hitler Builds Party:
1. Advertises in anti-Semitic papers
2. Hitler’s oratorical skills are developed early
3. Hitler’s speeches bring in a lot of money to the party
4. Meetings begin to attract hundreds of eager Germans wanting to hear the young energetic Hitler
speak
Hitler drafts the 25 point Party Program:
1. Presented on 2/24/1920
2. All hecklers are forcibly removed with whips and rubber truncheons
3. Hitler electrifies crowd of over 2000
4. Party Program includes these items
a. Revoke Versailles Treaty
b. Confiscate war profits
c. Expropriate land without compensation for state use
d. Revoke civil rights for Jews
e. Expel Jews who emigrated after WWI began
5. After program was announced the treatment of Jews became a major theme of Hitler’s orations. He
used the Jews as scapegoats for:
a. Inflation
b. Political instability
c. Unemployment
d. Humiliation in the war
6. Hitler renamed the party: National Socialist German Workers Party
a. Flag: Red with swastika
b. Bought a local newspaper that appealed to anti-Semites that was on the verge of bankruptcy
French/Belgium troops march into Germany to settle reparations dispute. Hitler uses this as an
opportunity to hold massive protest rallies.
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VIII. The Beer Hall Putsch
A. Rally on 11/8/1923 in Munich proclaimed a revolution against the Weimar Republic. Hitler decided it
was time to try to take control of the government
B. 11/9/1923 – Led 2000-armed “brown shirts” in an attempt to take over the government.
C. The putsch was put down by the police
D. Consequences for Hitler:
1. Broken and dislocated arm
2. Arrested and imprisoned at Landsberg
3. Sentenced to five years in prison
IX.
Hitler in Jail
A. Time Served was only 9 months
B. Wrote first Volume of Mein Kampf:
1. Could only stop Jews from conquering the world by eliminating them
2. Germany could then find Lebensraum – living space
3. Germans needed the space for the superior German master race (Aryan race)
C. Book struck a responsive chord among Germans who believed it was their destiny to dominate the
world. It sold over 5 million copies before WWII.
X.
Hitler’s Rise to Power
A. Hitler becomes chancellor:
1. While in jail Hitler decides to change his strategy to gain power. He will work within the system.
2. When he gets out of jail he regains total control of the Nazi party and turns it into a truly national
party.
3. By 1932 the Nazi Party was the largest in the Reichstag
4. This allowed Hitler to put pressure on President Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor
B. Hitler as Chancellor:
1. Hitler called for immediate fresh elections
2. The Reichstag fire was used by Hitler as an excuse to arrest all Communist Party leaders and
introduce a state of martial law.
3. The results of the elections gave Hitler enough of a majority to put an end to parliamentary
democracy and move closer to a dictatorship. This was called The Enabling Act
C. The Night of the Long Knives:
1. The SA was not the backbone of a modern army, but they were the enforcers of the Nazi Party
2. The regular army had not given an oath of allegiance to Hitler and Hitler knew they did not hold him
in high regard since he was only a corporal
3. The SA outnumbered the army and the leader of the SA Ernst Rohm openly talked about taking over
the army by absorbing it.
4. Hitler agreed to purge the SA leadership if the army agreed to swear allegiance to him
5. The SA was placed under the command of the army
6. Over 77 men were shot or bludgeoned to death on the Night of the long Knives.
D. Hindenburg Dies:
1. August 2, 1934 President Hindenburg died.
2. Hitler became President and added the title of Fuhrer (leader)
3. The army was forced to swear an oath of personal allegiance to him as Supreme Commander of the
Armed Forces and head of the German state.
4. 90 per cent of German voters (38 million) gave their approval to Hitler becoming an absolute
dictator.
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Blank Outline
I.
Versailles Treaty
A. Territorial Losses:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B. Military Restrictions:
1. The army
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. (DMZ)
7. The allies were to occupy
C. Financial Responsibility:
1.
2.
D. The War Guilt Clause:
II.
Post WWI Economic Trouble
A. Hyperinflation:
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B. Unemployment:
1. 1927:
2. 1929:
3. 1933:
C. Reparation Payments:
1. The economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles was crushing. Germany lost:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
2.
Hitler’s Early Years
A. Family:
1. Parents
a. Father:
b. Mother:
2. Siblings
a.
b.
c.
d.
B. Homes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Talents/Careers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
IV.
Hitler’s WWI Service
A. Volunteered for service due to his hatred of foreigners
B. Hitler’s service years:
1.
2. Rose only to rank of
a.
b.
c.
III.
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3.
4.
5.
Free Corps
V.
A.
B.
VI.
Weimer Republic
A.
B.
C. Three parties wanted to bring down the republic:
1.
2.
3.
VII. German Workers Party
A.
B. Hitler Builds Party:
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Hitler drafts the 25 point Party Program:
1. Presented on
2.
3.
4. Party Program includes these items:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6. Hitler renamed the party: National Socialist German Workers Party
a. Flag:
b.
D.
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VIII. The Beer Hall Putsch
A.
B. 11/9/1923 –
C.
D. Consequences for Hitler:
1.
2.
3.
IX.
Hitler in Jail
A.
B.
1.
2.
3.
C.
Hitler’s Rise to Power
X.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Hitler as Chancellor:
1.
2.
3.
C. The Night of the Long Knives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D. Hindenburg Dies:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Student Outline Questions
Directions to teacher: These questions need to be cut apart, folded up and
then placed in a basket for students to select from. As they select questions
they may need to look to the outline to determine what the question is really
asking. For example: “What territory did Germany have to give up to
France?” If the student is uncertain as to what time period is being asked
about, a quick look at the outline shows that it is in reference to the
Versailles treaty. In other instances, the question may be clear, but the
placement on the outline might require some thinking.
What territory did
Germany have to give
up to France?
What territory did
Germany have to give up
to Belgium?
What territory did
Germany have to give
up to Denmark? (Takes
up two lines on outline)
What territory did
Germany have to give up
to Poland?
What European
territories were put
under the control of the
League of Nations?
What territory did
Germany have to give
up to Russia?
What happened to
Germany’s overseas
colonies?
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The treaty restricted the
size of Germany’s army to
how many?
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What other restrictions
were placed on
Germany’s military?
What was the
demilitarized zone?
What area were the allies What was the total
supposed to occupy and amount that Germany was
for how long?
supposed to pay in
reparations?
With whom was
What clause made
Germany forbidden to
Germans the most angry?
unite and form a
Why?
superstate? Why?
Define: Hyperinflation
What were the
and give an example of it unemployment statistics
in Germany in the
in Germany in 1927,1929
1920’s
& 1933?
What percent of territory What percent of their
did Germany lose due to population did Germany
the Treaty of Versailles? lose due to the Treaty of
Versailles?
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What percent of arable
land did Germany lose
due to the Treaty of
Versailles?
What percent of zinc ore
did Germany lose due to
the Treaty of Versailles?
Who estimated the
amount of Germany’s
reparations?
What percent of the
Alsatian potash and
textile industries did
Germany lose due to the
Treaty of Versailles?
What types of industry
were lost to Germany as
a result of the Versailles
Treaty?
What was Hitler’s
mother’s name?
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What percent of iron did
Germany lose due to the
Treaty of Versailles?
What percent of coal
resources did Germany
lose due to the Treaty of
Versailles?
J.M. Keynes estimated
Germany’s reparations
were
times her ability
to pay
What kind of system was
built around AlsaceLorraine and Upper Silesia
that was lost to Germany
due to the Versailles
Treaty?
What was Hitler’s father’s
name?
Where was Adolf Hitler
born?
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Who were Adolf’s
siblings and how old
were they in relation to
him?
Where did Hitler move to
when he was six years
old?
Where did Hitler move to
when he was three years
old?
What career did Adolf
seriously consider as a
young boy?
Adolf was talented in this
area, but never gained
entrance into a good
school in this subject?
Why?
Adolf tried to avoid
military service, but he
was caught. He did not
have to serve because he
was found to be too what?
What rank did Adolf
reach?
What happened to Adolf
after both of his parents
died?
How many years did
Hitler serve during
WWI?
At one point Hitler lived
across the street from this
religious place.
How well did Adolf get
What kind of soldier did
along with the other men Adolf make?
in the service?
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Why did Hitler not
receive more
promotions?
Where was Hitler when
the war was ended?
Why was he there?
What kinds of awards did
Hitler win?
Who were the Free
Corps?
What did the Free Corps
eventually become?
What was the Weimar
Republic?
What two things is the
Weimar Republic blamed
for?
What three parties
wanted to bring down
the republic?
What was the German
Workers Party?
How does Hitler build
the German Workers
Party – there are four
spaces to fill on this!
When did Hitler draft the
25-point Party Program?
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How did he feel about the
way the war ended?
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What does the 25-point What does the 25-point
Party Program say about Party Program say about
the Versailles Treaty?
war profits?
Who marched into
Germany to settle
reparations disputes?
What was the Nazi
response?
When did the Beer Hall
Putsch take place and
why?
What was the Beer Hall
Putsch?
What did the people who
participated in the Beer
Hall Putsch actually do?
Was the Beer Hall Putsch How did the Beer Hall
successful?
Putsch end?
What were the three
consequences for Hitler
at the end of the Beer
Hall Putsch?
Of the five-year sentence
for his participation in the
Beer Hall Putsch how long
did Hitler actually spend
in prison?
What did Hitler do while In Mein Kampf what does
in jail?
Hitler say about the Jews?
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In Mein Kampf Hitler
defines Lebensraum –
what is it?
In Mein Kampf Hitler
explains why the Germans
need Lebensraum – Why
do they?
Why do Germans like
the book Mein Kampf?
How many copies are
sold before WWII?
What big change of
strategy does Hitler
decide upon while he is
in jail?
What is the position given
to Hitler by Hindenburg?
Why does Hindenburg
give Hitler this position?
What does Hitler do with
regard to the Nazi party
when he gets out of jail?
In 1932 – how well is
the Nazi party doing?
With the Nazi party doing
so well Hitler is able to
pressure who to do what?
As soon as Hitler is
Chancellor he calls for
what?
Before the election could
be held there is a fire –
where?
Who is blamed and
arrested for this fire?
What other measures
does Hitler put in place
What are the results of the
election? What act is put
in place?
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as a result of the fire?
Who and what were the
SA?
Which was larger the
army or the SA? Which
had more power?
What problems did Hitler
have with the “regular
army”?
What deal did Hitler make
so the army would swear
allegiance to him?
After the Night of Long
Knives who ended up in
power, the SA or the
army?
Who and about how many
died on the Night of Long
Knives? How were they
killed?
When did President
Hindenburg die?
What was Hitler’s
response to Hindenburg’s
death?
What was the response of
the German voters to
Hitler making himself an
absolute dictator?
What was the army
required to do after
Hindenburg’s death?
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How does the Nazi
party make sure that
there are no problem
people in the crowd
before Hitler delivers
his speech on the 25
points?
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How well does the crowd
respond to Hitler’s 25
Point Party Program
speech?
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What does the 25point Party Program
say about land for state
use?
What does the 25point Party Program
say about the Jews who
emigrated after WWI
began?
Hitler began to use
Jews as scapegoats for
four things ~ they are?
What does the 25-point
Party Program say about
civil rights for Jews?
After the 25-point
program was announced
what changed about
Hitler’s orations?
What did Hitler rename
the party to?
What did the party flag Hitler bought a local
look like?
newspaper that appealed
to whom? Why?
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Infant Milk Factory
One of the many highly publicized incidents during this war was the U.S. bombing of what
Saddam Hussein announced was an infant milk factory. Did the U.S. bomb a milk factory? Our
intelligence agents reported that this was a chemical warfare factory. The Iraqi government
insisted it was a milk factory. To prove their point, they escorted the CNN news team to the site
of this bombing. The CNN team was not allowed inside the building as it was severely
damaged. However, on the outside of the bombed building, hanging on the outside wall, was a
big sign (huge sign, undamaged) that said MILK FACTORY. Oddly, this sign was not written
in Arabic. It was written in English!
Purpose: (by Hussein): This clever piece of propaganda by Hussein was designed to
encourage English speaking people to protest the war, or, at the very least, to feel guilty (and
thus less likely to fight) or to blame the United States for needless acts of aggression. What
else might this imply?
Result: Our eyes are used to reading things in the English language. Some Americans, who
watched the CNN broadcast, might overlook the fact that this sign was posted on a building in
Iraq, and might react with their hearts and not their heads. Certainly, this sign might have been
specially posted so that the cameras could easily identify the bombed building as a "Milk
Factory" to English speaking viewers. But, because the sign was written in English, instead of
Arabic, it clearly shows it was a staged effect. However it got there, this sign, this staged piece
of propaganda, personalized the war via the association of babies, of innocents. Thus, for many
Americans, it was an effective piece of propaganda whether you believed the infant milk factory
story or not.
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