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Name: ____________________________ Period: _____ Date: _______________________ The Human Anatomy Book BIOLOGY: CH 35 - 40 Overview of the Human Organ Systems Pgs 892-893 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Anatomy Quiz 1 Levels of Organization /Body Tissues Body Systems Overview Chart Anatomy Quiz 2 Skeletal System Muscular System Integumentary System Anatomy Quiz 3 Endocrine System Nervous System Anatomy Quiz 4 Lymphatic System Circulatory System Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz 5 Digestive System Excretory System ______________________: smallest unit of structure and function in living things. ______________________: a group of similar cells working together. ______________________: a group of different tissues working together to do a specific job. ______________________: a group of different organs working together to do a specific job. ________________________: a living thing that carries out its own life activities. The ______________ _____________ is an organ of the body that contains all four types of tissues. Most organs are made up of the four types of tissues, but they are organized in different ways. TISSUE Epithelial (fast growth for quick replacement) Connective Nervous Muscle FUNCTIONS LOCATION / EXAMPLE # Name 1. Nervous System 2. Integumentary System 3. Respiratory System 4. Digestive System 5. Excretory System 6. Skeletal System 7. Muscular System 8. Circulatory System 9. Endocrine System 10. Reproductive System 11. Immune/Lymphatic Systems Functions Major Organs Main Function: _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Non-Specific 1st Line of Defense Kill, trap and prevent pathogens from entering the body. 2nd Line of Defense Inflammatory Response (fights ___________ infections) Skin: _________________________________________ Body Secretions: _______________________________ Body Openings: _______________________________ Inflammation: ________________________________ _____________________________________________ Fever: ______________________________________ ____________________________________________ Specific 3rd Line of Defense (fights ____________ infections) Includes the two types of immunity: Humoral and CellMediated Antigens: _________________________________________ Antibodies: _______________________________________ White Blood Cells: __________________________________ B cells: ______________________________________ T cells: ______________________________________ Phagocytes: __________________________________ HUMORAL IMMUNITY: CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY: This occurs when exposure to certain diseases produce permanent immunity because it stimulates B cells in the immune system to make antibodies when antigens are detected. When antibodies are not able to defeat a pathogen, specialized lymphocytes take over the job. List the function for each: Structure of an Antibody Antibodies bind to antigens at 2 sites, clumping them together. Phagocytes then come in and digest them. Function: Helper T cells Killer T cells Suppressor T cells Memory T cells IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS Allergies: inflammatory response caused by an over-reaction of the immune system to __________. Asthma: severe allergic response which _______________________________. _____________________ - the immune system mistakes its own body’s cells as foreign and attacks them. Two examples are Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Main Function: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ PARTS Lymph Lymph Vessel Lymph Node Tonsils Spleen Thymus Gland DESCRIPTION/FUNCTION Label the diagram below with the parts in the chart on the left. Main Function: _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Male Anatomy Part Penis Function Label the diagram below with the correct parts listed to the left. Urethra Scrotum Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Prostate gland Bladder Ureter Seminal vesicle Rectum Female Anatomy Part Function Ovary Fallopian Tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Labia Label the diagram below with the correct parts listed to the left Consists of: _______________________________________ MAIN FUNCTIONS: 1. _____________________________________ 3. __________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 4. __________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________ PARTS OF THE BLOOD: Label the parts of blood: Part Function Plasma Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Types of Blood Vessels: Blood Vessel Label the different blood vessels: Function Artery Vein Capillary Heart Parts: Part Heart Septum Atrium (Atria) Ventricle(s) Function How the Heart Works The heart has two separate pumps… Pumping Pathway Side of Heart Pulmonary Circulation (lungs) Systemic Circulation (body tissues) Circulatory System Diseases / Conditions Leukemia Hemophilia Arteriosclerosis Stroke High Blood Pressure Label the parts of respiration: Part Function Nose Mouth Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lung Diaphragm Mechanics of Breathing Draw a diagram illustrating what the diaphragm and chest cavity do during the following processes. Inhalation: Exhalation: Main Function: ___________________________________ Part A. Function & Enzymes / Secretions Involved B. Mouth & Salivary Glands C. D. Esophagus E. Stomach F. H. Small Intestine G. Large Intestine (colon) A. ___________________ Rectum B. ___________________ C. ___________________ D. ___________________ E. ___________________ Other Organs Involved in Digestion Liver Pancreas Gall bladder F. ___________________ G. ___________________ H. ___________________ Label the parts of diagram: MAIN FUNCTION: _____________________ Organ Function Kidney: Ureter: Urinary bladder: Urethra: Other Organs of Excretion Lung: Skin: Control of Kidney Function What is ADH?_____________________________________________________________________________ Actions of ADH as a Feedback Mechanism. __________ amount of water in blood and __________amount of urine produced. Tells pituitary that amount of ________ in blood is low. Tells pituitary that amount of ________ in blood is high. Releases __________ into bloodstream. Stops releasing __________ into bloodstream Reabsorb more / less water. Reabsorb more / less water. ____________ amount of water in blood and _________ amount of urine produced. MAIN FUNCTIONS: 1. ______________________ STRUCTURES *Label on picture DESCRIPTION / FUNCTION ______________________ 2. ______________________ *Compact bone ______________________ 3. ______________________ *Spongy bone ______________________ 4. ______________________ *Bone marrow ______________________ 5. ______________________ *Cartilage ______________________ PROBLEMS: _____________________is a weakening of bones due to loss of calcium that is more common in older women. Ligament Tendon 3 TYPES OF JOINTS 1. Immovable (fixed) joint • movement:_______________________ JOINTS • ex.__________________________ a. Ball-and-Socket • movement:________________________ • ex.___________________________ 2. Freely Moveable joint b. Hinge • movement: wide range of movement • movement:_____________________ • ex. bone ends covered in cartilage • ex.________________________ 3. Slightly Movable joint • movement:_______________________ c. Gliding • movement:___________________________ • ex.__________________________ • ex: ___________________________ MAIN FUNCTION: _____________________________ ____________________________________________ Interaction of Muscles, Bones and Nerves MUSCLE TYPE 1. ___________________communicate LOCATION IN BODY with muscle fibers, causing them to Skeletal - _________________ and do work. __________ 2. Skeletal muscles attach to bone by (strength) ___________ and are found in pairs. When one contracts, the opposite Smooth - muscle relaxes, creating ________ & __________ (hold) _________. 3. When a muscle contracts, its length Cardiac - gets_________. When it relaxes, it gets __________ _________. (endurance) CONSISTS OF: ______________________ ___________________________________ MAIN FUNCTIONS: PART Label on picture FUNCTION / DESCRIPTION Epidermis 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________ Dermis 4. ________________________________ 5. ________________________________ Hair & Nails The Skin blood vessels muscle Skin Cancer Excessive exposure to the sun’s UV radiation can produce skin cancer. The most severe and fatal type of skin cancer is called malignant melanoma. Signs to look for:_________________________ sweat gland fat nerve oil gland hair follicle ________________________________________ CONSISTS OF: Glands -_____________________________ MAIN FUNCTION:__________________ ____________________________________ _________________________________ Hormone - ____________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________________ Glands and the Hormones they Release: ENDOCRINE GLAND HORMONE EXAMPLE Pituitary Gland Human Growth Hormone Thyroid Gland Thyroxin Pancreas Insulin Adrenal Gland Adrenaline Ovary Estrogen & Progesterone Testes Testosterone FUNCTION DISORDERS INTERACTION OF GLANDS: Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is located in the ______________ and controls the release of hormones from the ____________________ gland. It is an important link between the endocrine and _________________ systems. The brain and glands work together to maintain homeostasis through a process called negative and positive ___________ __________________. The feedback the brain gets is from the information it collects as the hypothalamus monitors the bloodstream. MAIN FUNCTION: ___________________________________________ CONSISTS OF: _____________________________________________ A __________ is an organ containing a bundle of nerve cells called ____________. Neurons carry electrical messages called ________________ throughout the body. Because neurons never touch, chemical signalers called ____________________ must travel through the space called _______________ between two neurons. Main Parts of a Neuron: muscle tissue dendrite axon Cell Body: __________________________ ____________________________________ Dendrites:___________________________ ____________________________________ cell body Axon: ______________________________ ____________________________________ TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON 3 Types of Neurons: Sensory neuron: ______________________ ______________________ Interneuron: ______________________ ______________________ Motor neuron: ______________________ ______________________ synapse Nerves and Muscles REFLEX ARC Nerves work together with muscles for movement. An impulse begins when one neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the sense organs. The impulse travels down the axons of _______________________ _____________ to the brain cells called _____________________. The brain will then send an impulse through _____________ ______________________ to the necessary muscle or organs, telling it to contract. A _____________ is an involuntary response that is processed in the ____________________________ not the brain. Sensory neuron Motor neuron Muscle Interneuron in spinal cord Two Main Divisions of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System Consists of the ________ & ____________________________ Part to label Cerebrum brain Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata (brainstem) Spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System Consists of the __________________ division & __________________ division. Function