Download INV 12B MOTION WITH CHANGING SPEED DRY LAB DATA

ASTRONOMY REVIEW
1. Earth
2. nebula
3. meteor
4. gravity
5. cosmic
background
radiation
6. outgassing
7. Doppler effect
8. Milky Way
9. light year
10. nova
______ 11. neutron star
12. main sequence
star
13. black hole
14. parallax
15. irregular galaxy
16. elliptical galaxy
17. Mercury
18. protostar
19. differentiation
20. dark energy
and dark matter
21. big bang theory
22. astronomical
unit
23. spiral galaxy
a. galaxy with no particular shape
b. the apparent shift in wavelength of light as the source moves away or
toward observer
c. unit used to measure the distance inside our solar system
d. process in which volcanic eruptions release gas to the early
atmosphere
e. galaxy we are in
f. the only planet with Goldilocks conditions
g. planet with hot, heavily-cratered surface
h. space object that causes craters
i. the force that exists between any two bodies in the universe
j. process that developed the three layers of Earth and Moon’s interior
k. a large cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born
l. the time in the life of a star when it generates energy by fusion of
hydrogen into helium in its core
m. a shrinking, spinning region in space with a central concentration of
matter
n. a large explosion of a star that makes it brighter
o. an object so dense that even light cannot escape its gravity
p. galaxy has a nucleus of bright stars with arms that circle around it
q. unit used to measure the distance between stars
r. a remnant of the big bang
s. material that makes up most of the universe
t. the theory that all matter and energy was compressed into a small
volume the size of atomic nucleus, exploded + began expanding
u. galaxy that can be nearly spherical very elongated
v. an apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different
locations
w. a dense collapsed star whose electrons and protons smashed
together to form neutrons
______ 24. Which of the following is NOT true of all the inner planets?
a. They are made of solid rock.
c. They have no rings.
b. They are called gas giants.
d. They have impact craters.
______ 25. Impact craters are caused by
a. solar bursts.
c. atmospheric changes.
b. exploding volcanoes.
d. collisions with objects in space.
______ 26. The factors that contribute to Mercury’s daily temperature fluctuation of about 600°C are
the planet’s slow rotation and
a. its close proximity to the sun.
b. its dense atmosphere.
c. its heavy, rocky, waterless terrain. d. the absence of an ozone layer to regulate temp.
______ 27. The Big Bang Theory, describing the creation of the universe, is most directly supported
by the
a. redshift of light from distant galaxies.
c. apparent shape of star constellations.
b. presence of volcanoes on Earth.
d. presence of craters on Earth’s Moon.
______ 28. The early oceans became salty when
a. dissolved solids were carried from land into the oceans.
b. salt dropped from the atmosphere into the oceans.
c. sea creatures left salty deposits in their remains.
d. the heavy atmosphere did not allow salt particles to dissipate.
______ 29. The least dense planet in the solar system is
a. Jupiter.
b. Neptune.
c. Saturn.
d. Uranus.
______ 30. Scientists determine the color and temperature of stars
a. by sampling matter on the surface of stars. b. by analyzing the vibrations that stars emit.
c. through magnetic testing.
d. by analyzing the spectra of the light stars emit.
_______ 31. What is a galaxy?
a. Stars, dust, + gas bound together by gravity
b. Debris, dirt, + trash bound together by gravity
c. Air, gas, + rock in the universe
d. Planets, moons, + stars bound together by magnetism
_______ 32. A star moving away from Earth has a spectrum that is
a. losing its color. b. shifted toward blue.
c. shifted toward red. d. unchanged.
_______ 33. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
a. elliptical
b. irregular
c. spherical d. spiral
_______ 34. Why are scientists able to use spectra to determine the composition of stars?
a. Because all stars have the same composition as Earth.
b. Because every chemical element has a characteristic spectrum.
c. Because chemical elements do not have characteristic spectra.
d. Because colors and lines in the spectrum of stars are all the same.
_______ 35. The distances between galaxies are
a. about a million times greater than the distances between stars.
b. about the same as the distances between stars.
c. about twice as great as the distances between stars.
d. about the same as the distances between planets.
_______ 36. Astronomers believe that cosmic background radiation formed
a. about a billion years ago.
c. more than a trillion years ago.
b. shortly after the big bang.
d. shortly before the big bang.
_______ 36. Stars appear to move in the sky because
a. the sky is rotating.
c. the universe is expanding.
b. Earth is moving.
d. galaxies are forming.
_______ 37. The big bang occurred about
a. a billion years ago.
b. 14 mya.
c. 5 bya.
d. 14 bya.
_______ 38. Red shift in the spectra of galaxies supports the Big Bang Theory by showing that
a. the universe is contracting.
b.. matter and energy are being absorbed by black holes.
c. the universe is expanding.
d. the universe is composed primarily of red light.
_______ 39. What color are the hottest stars? a. Orange b. Blue
c. White
d. Red
_______ 40. What is the correct order of the stages in the life cycle of a typical, medium-sized star
like our sun?
a. protostar, red giant, our sun, nebula, white dwarf
b. white dwarf, red giant, our sun, protostar, nebula
c. protostar, nebula, our sun, red giant, white dwarf
d. nebula, protostar, our sun, red giant, white dwarf
_______ 41. The brightness of the Sun when measured from various planets in the solar system
would be
a. greatest when measured at Pluto.
c. the same at all planets.
b. greatest when measured at Earth.
d. greatest when measured at Mercury.
______ 42. When early Earth’s atmosphere formed, which of the following gases were lost because
Earth’s gravity was too weak?
a. oxygen and helium
c. helium and nitrogen
b. hydrogen and ozone
d. helium and hydrogen
______ 43. The main characteristics used to classify stars include all of these EXCEPT
a. color.
b. shape.
c. brightness.
d. temperature.
______ 44. Distances between galaxies is usually measured in
a. light years.
b. kilometers.
c. parsecs.
d. astronomical units.
______ 45. Most of the sun’s energy is a result of
a. nuclear fusion.
b. nuclear fission.
c. atomic reactions.
d. coronal mass ejection.
______ 45. When hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium nuclei
a. the nuclei die.
b. energy is released. c. particles collide.
d. particles neutralize.
______ 46. The Sun is composed mostly of
a. H and C. b. H and He.
c. C and H. d. He and O.
______ 47. Gas planets formed because they were
a. hotter and more massive
c. cooler and more massive
b. hotter and less massive
d. hotter and less massive
______ 48. After its temperature rises to 10,000,000 C a protostar becomes a star
a. when nuclear fusion ends.
c. when nuclear fission begins.
b. when nuclear fusion begins.
d. when nuclear fission ends.
______ 49. The Sun’s position in space is best described as the approximate center of
a. our solar system.
c. the Milky Way galaxy.
b. the universe.
d. the Andromeda galaxy.
______ 50. The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is
a. nuclear fission.
c. nuclear condensation.
b. expansion.
d. gravity.
______ 51. Which object forms by the contraction of a large sphere of gases causing the nuclear
fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements?
a. Planet
b. Star
c. Comet
d. Moon
______ 52. Using a spectrometer to analyze the spectrum of light from stars, scientists have learned
that most stars are made up of
a. mostly carbon with smaller amounts of oxygen and traces of other elements.
b. mostly iron.
c. mostly hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium and traces of other elements.
d. all of the elements up to iron (atomic number 26) in roughly equal amounts.
______ 53. The smallest bodies from which planets originated during the early formation of the solar
system are called
a. comets.
b. planetesimals.
c. asteroids. d. dust bunnies.