Download CHAPTER 10, 11, 12 2017 STUDY GUIDE

PART I: THE
BEGINNING AND MAJOR BATTLES
THE BEGINNING…
Secession
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With the election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860, Southern states started to secede
They based their move on the argument of States’ Rights
What is states’ rights? States feel the state government should have more power than the federal
government & they should be able to disregard any law they do not like.
The Confederate States of America
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The states that seceded met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of
America
Jefferson Davis was named president of the Confederacy
A constitution was drafted, modeled after the U.S. Constitution (except for states’ rights and
slavery
The new nation made plans to defend their separation from the Union
What was/were the main point(s) of Davis’s Inaugural Address?...
Lincoln’s Inauguration
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Americans waited for Lincoln’s Inauguration to see what he would do about the crisis
Lincoln took office on March 4th, 1861 and gave his First Inaugural Address.
He assured the South that he would not abolish slavery
He spoke against secession and appealed to friendship
What did you think about his speech?...
What will happen?
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Lincoln wanted no invasion, no aggression
He did have government property in the states that had seceded that he would not abandon
Forts in the South, like Fort Sumter in South Carolina would need supplies
First Shots at Fort Sumter
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Fort Sumter was commanded by a Union sympathizer
Lincoln informed South Carolina that he would be sending supply ships to the fort
Confederate Leaders attacked the fort before the ships got there
First shots were fired at 4:30 am on April 12, 1861
The Confederates bombarded the fort for 34 hours and it surrendered
The war had begun
Soldiers Needed
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When fighting began, Confederate President Jefferson Davis called for volunteers
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Although thousands of Texans immediately joined the army, more soldiers were needed by the end
of the first year of the war
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To meet this need, the Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act
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Conscription is the forced enrollment of people into military service
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The Act required men 18-35 years of age to serve
How many total Confederate states were there? 11
Then why are there 13 stars on the Confederate battle flag? Because Kentucky and Missouri had
representatives in both the Confederate & Union legislatures. They also had regiments in both armies.
NORTH VS. SOUTH…
NORTH
SOUTH
Confederacy, Confederate States of
America, C.S.A.
NAME
Union, United States of America, USA
UNIFORMS
Blue
Gray
NICKNAME
Yankees
Rebels
PRESIDENT
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
GENERAL
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
CAPITAL
Washington D.C.
Richmond, Virginia
# of STATES
23
11
POPULATION
22 million
9 million (3. 5 million were slaves)
85% of the factories were in the North
OTHER FACTS
(Advantages)
2X the railroad acreage of the South
The had better leaders/Generals in the
beginning
Most battles were fought in the South, so
they knew the territory better
The Navy & shipyards belonged to the
North
The Confederate Strategy
1. The South started fighting a defensive since they had been invaded
2. The South depended on King Cotton to gain support from Europe
 As the war went on, the South took on the offensive and invaded the North
The Union Strategy
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The Union’s strategy was called the Anaconda Plan. It was designed to smother the economy of the
South like an anaconda snake squeezing its prey.
1. Blockade the South’s coastline to prevent exports
2. Gain control of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in two
3. Take control of Richmond, the Confederate capital
 Lincoln ordered the invasion of Richmond in the summer of 1861, but to no avail.
IMPORTANT BATTLES (AND OTHER STUFF)…
Battle of Bull Run
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1st major land battle of the Civil War
Fought 26 miles from Washington D.C.
The Confederate victory at Bull Run made the South think they had won the war
It also made the North realize that they had underestimated their opponent
Battle of Antietam
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Late in 1862, Generals Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced off in the first battle in Northern
territory
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After a string of defeats, McClellan’s victory over Lee provided Abraham Lincoln with an
opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
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It remains as the bloodiest day in American history – with over 22,000 casualties
The Emancipation Proclamation
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On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in
Confederate territories
Lincoln did not have the constitutional power to free slaves in the United States
This weakened the Confederacy, and changed the goal of the war for the North from preservation
(keeping the Union together) to liberation (freeing or liberating the slaves.)
Turning Point: Gettysburg
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There are two Northern victories in the war that are considered turning points: Gettysburg and
Vicksburg
Gettysburg turned back the Confederacy’s advance into the North
Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address following the battle
What were the main points of the Gettysburg Address?
Turning Point: Vicksburg
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The Northern siege of Vicksburg gave control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in
two
The victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg swung the tide of the war to the Union (North)