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Name _______________________________________ Date ___________ Period _____ Earth Science Chapter 25 Study Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Patterns of stars called ____________________ were originally named in honor of mythological characters or great heroes. The most basic way to measure the distance to a star is ____________________. A light-year is the distance ____________________ travels in a year. Apparent magnitude refers to a star’s ___________________ as it appears from ____________________. Some stars, called ____________________, get brighter and fainter in a regular pattern. A(n) ____________________ is a developing star not yet hot enough to engage in nuclear fusion. Stars that radiate short pulses of radio energy are called ____________________. The most dense stars known to exist are called ___________. The average star spends ____________________ percent of its life as a hydrogen-burning, main-sequence star. The sun is positioned about ____________________ of the way from the center of the galaxy. The Milky Way is classified as a(n) ____________________ galaxy. In addition to size and shape, one of the major differences among galaxies is the ____________________ of their stars. A(n) ____________________ galaxy is a type of galaxy that lacks symmetry. The apparent change in wavelength of radiation caused by the relative motions of the source and the observer is called the ____________________. The ____________________, which occurred in an instant, marks the beginning of the universe. Earth Science Chapter 25 study guide 1 Name _______________________________________ Date ___________ Period _____ 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. According to Figure 25-1, which main-sequence stars are brightest? ___________ According to Figure 25-1, the sun has an absolute magnitude of ___________________. Stars of which color have the highest surface temperature? __________________________________________________________________ A star with a surface temperature between 5000 K and 6000 K appears ____________________. How was the mass of stars determined? __________________________________________________________________ Stars of which color have the coolest surface temperature? __________________________________________________________________ How big is a light-year and what does it measure? __________________________________________________________________ Stellar distances are usually expressed in what units? __________________________________________________________________ What is parallax and how is it used in astronomy? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What affects the apparent brightness of a star? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Earth Science Chapter 25 study guide 2 Name _______________________________________ Date ___________ Period _____ 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. What is the measure of the brightness of a star? _________________________________________________________________ If star A is farther from Earth than star B, but both stars have the same absolute magnitude, what is true about their apparent magnitude? _________________________________________________________________ What is the relationship between a magnitude number and the brightness of a star? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ The difference in the brightness of two stars with the same surface temperature is attributable to what? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What types of nebula are there? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shows what relationship? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What type of stars are 90% of the stars on the H-R diagram? __________________________________________________________________ Which main-sequence stars are the most massive? __________________________________________________________________ Which main-sequence stars are the least massive? __________________________________________________________________ What is the name for the interstellar matter that will eventually form a star? __________________________________________________________________ When is a star said to be born? __________________________________________________________________ What forces are most responsible for the formation of a star? __________________________________________________________________ In the Milky Way, what is the most abundant gas in emission nebulae? __________________________________________________________________ What is it called when a massive star explodes? __________________________________________________________________ Which stars are composed of matter in which electrons have combined with protons? __________________________________________________________________ What happens to all stars regardless of size at the end of their life? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Before being engulfed, matter that is pulled into a black hole should become very hot and emit what? _________________________________________________ What does a main-sequence star that has exhausted the fuel in its core become? __________________________________________________________________ Earth Science Chapter 25 study guide 3 Name _______________________________________ Date ___________ Period _____ 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. What type of star is our sun? __________________________________________________________________ What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Light cannot escape the intense gravitational pull of a ______________________. What is our galaxy called? __________________________________________________________________ How big is the Milky Way Galaxy at its nucleus? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What are 60% of all know galaxies classified as? __________________________________________________________________ What types of galaxies are there? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ According to Hubble’s law, galaxies are retreating at a speed that is proportional to what? __________________________________________________________ What indicators are there that the universe is expanding? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What do greater red shifts in the spectra of galaxies indicate? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ According to the big bang theory, when did the universe begin? __________________________________________________________________ What supports the big bang theory? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ additional notes: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Earth Science Chapter 25 study guide 4