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Download Guided Reading: Geography handbook
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KEY!!! Guided Reading: Geography handbook-Read pages 2-13 to complete the following outline. I. How do I study Geography? A. The five themes of geography: 1. location 2. place 3. human/environment interaction 4. movement 5. regions B. Six Essential elements 1. Element 1: The World in Spatial Terms a. location: where is it? 2. Element 2: Places and Regions a. place: describes characteristics, physical or humans b. region: united by one or more common characteristic 3. Element 3: Physical systems a. how do things like hurricanes, volcanoes shape the earth’s surface. includes communities of plants and animals 4. Element 4: Human Systems a. how people have shaped our world b. movement of people, goods, and ideas 5. Element 5: Environment and Society a. how do people use and affect the environment around them? 6. Element 6: The Uses of Geography a. relationships among people, places & environments over time II, How do I use maps and globes? A. Hemispheres 1. Equator: line of latitude that circles the middle of the earth. Divided into N & S hemisphere 2. hemisphere: “half sphere” 3. Prime Meridian: imaginary line running from North to South. Divides Earth into E & W hemisphere III. Understanding latitude and longitude A. Latitude: (or parallels) circle the earth parallel to the Equator. B. Longitude: (or meridians) circle the earth from pole to pole C. Absolute location: the precise spot where one line of latitude crosses one line of longitude IV. From Globes to Maps A. From Globes to maps 1. globe: a round scale model of the earth 2. map: flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s surface 3. cartographer: mapmaker 4. Great Circle Routes a. great circle: an imaginary line that follows the curve of the earth b. great circle route: travelling along a great circle 5. Mapmaking with technology a. geographic information systems: (GIS) layers map data from satellite images, printed text, and statistics b. Global Positioning System: (GPS) locates places using coordinates broadcast by satellites V. Common Map Projections A. Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area Projection: shows continents close to their true shapes and sizes B. Robinson’s projection: has distortion at the poles C. Winkel Tripel Projection: good overall view of continent’s shapes and sizes D. Mercator Projection: shows true direction and accurate land shapes, but does not accurately show size or distance VI. Parts of Maps A. Map Key: explains the lines, symbols, and colors used on a map B. Scale Bar: measuring line C. Compass Rose: symbol that tells where the cardinal directions are VII. Types of maps A. General Purpose Maps: show a wide range of general information about an area B. Physical maps: show landforms and physical features C. Political Maps: show names and boundaries of countries D. Contour Maps: shows elevation 1. contour lines: a line for each major level of elevation E. Special Purpose maps 1. thematic maps: show specific topics in detail 2. special purpose maps: “ “ “ “ “ VIII. Using graphs, charts and diagrams A. Graphs 1. Axes: the vertical line along the left side of a graph and the horizontal line at the bottom B. Bar and line graphs 1. bar graph: uses bars or wide lines to compare data visually 2: line graphs: c. Circle graphs 6. Charts a. charts 7. Pictographs 1. pictographs: F. Climographs 1. Climographs G. Diagrams 1. diagram 2. elevation profile
