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Name___________________________Period______Date_______________ Chapter 17 Section 3 The Struggle Against Discrimination Focus Question What steps did minorities take to combat social problems and discrimination? _____________________ and _____________________ continued even during the Progressive era. Minorities, including African Americans, Latinos, Catholics, Jews, and Native Americans, worked to help themselves. Their efforts paved the way for the era of ____________________________ several decades later. WASP’s Most Progressives were white_____________________Protestants who held the racial and ethnic _____________________ common in that era. They _____________________ a model America based on _____________________ ethics and a white middle-class lifestyle. As a result, they were often _____________________ to minority or immigrant cultures. Assimilation Progressives believed _____________________ would turn immigrants into loyal and moral citizens. • The results were well-intentioned, but often _____________________ or racist efforts to change the immigrants. • While teaching _____________________ they also advised _____________________ to replace their _____________________ with middle-class practices and Protestant values. • _____________________ houses and other civic groups played a prominent role in _____________________ efforts. Temperance • Progressives saw many ________________________ customs as moral failures. • Immigrant use of _______________________, such as the serving of wine with meals, alarmed some people. • This _______________________ against immigrant ______________________ and culture gave strength to the temperance movement. Segregation ____________________ theories were also used to justify laws that kept blacks from _______________. Many _________________________________ supported racial prejudices. • The ______________________________________________ decision furthered discrimination in the North as well as the South. • By 1910, __________________________________ was the norm nationwide. • In 1914, even __________________offices were segregated by Progressive __________________________________________. African Americans Divided • African Americans were split over how to end racial ___________________________________. • __________________________________________ urged a patient, ______________________ effort based on earning equality through__________________________ and work in the skilled trades. • W.E.B. DuBois demanded that African Americans receive all ______________________________ rights immediately. The Niagara Movement In 1905, DuBois and _______________________________________ were concerned that all across the South, black men could not ___________________. • Their ________________________ Movement rejected the gradualist approach stating that trade skills “create workers, but cannot make men.” • They also believed African Americans should learn how to ___________________ for themselves through the study of history, ________________________ , and philosophy. NAACP • After a _______ riot against African Americans in Springfield, Illinois, a number of _____________ Progressives joined together with the Niagara Movement to help form the _____________. • The NAACP or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded to demand ______________ and civil rights for _________________________________. • The NAACP aimed to help African Americans become “________________________ free from peonage, mentally free from _______________________, politically free from disfranchisement, and _________________________ free from insult.” Supporters of the NAACP The NAACP attracted prominent Progressives to their cause. Supporters: Their tactics: used their _________________________________ to publicize the horrors of race riots and lynchings Ray Stannard Baker used the __________________ to challenge unfair housing laws. Florence Kelley promoted professional _________________ for African Americans. Ida B. Wells Jane Addams The Urban League In 1911, the Urban League was formed to create a network of local ______________________ and ________________________ to assist African Americans migrating to ________________________ cities. While the NAACP focused on _________________________ justice, the Urban League helped the _____________ find __________________, housing, clothing, and ______________ for their children. Ethnic Self-Help Groups Many ethnic groups formed __________________________ organizations to combat prejudice and protect their ___________________. African Americans NAACP Mexican Americans Mutualistas Jews B’nai Brith Native Americans Society of American Indians Jewish Organizations In 1843, ________________________ families formed the B’nai B’rith to provide religious _____________________ and self-help. In 1913, the _________________________________ League was formed to defend against physical and ________________________ attacks, false statements, and to “secure justice and _________________ treatment for all citizens alike.” Latino Organizations ___________________________ Americans formed mutualistas, groups that provided _________________ assistance and disability __________________________. The Partido Liberal Mexicano in ________________________ served a role similar to the Urban League for Mexican Americans. Many Latinos were subject to unfair _________________ contracts, which the mutualistas helped to defeat. Other Ethnic Organizations Despite organized protests, ___________________________________ and Japanese lost their ownership of ___________________. In 1911, ___________________________________________________ helped form the Society of American Indians to protest federal policy. Nevertheless, by 1932, two-thirds of all _________________________ lands had been sold off. In 1913, California restricted land ownership to American citizens only, which excluded the _____________________________, who were not allowed to become citizens. In a 1922 decision, the ___________________________ allowed the limitation.