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PERSIAN WAR BELL RINGER How was the Persian Government organized? How did the Minoans gain their power? How did living on a peninsula affect the Greeks lives? OBJECTIVE Identify conclusions about the Persian Wars using primary and secondary sources AGENDA Bell Ringer Map Persian Wars Connection to your life Practice Exit Ticket WHERE ARE WE TALKING? Turn to the map on page 134 Geography skills #1 and #2 OBJECTIVE Identify conclusions about the Persian Wars using primary and secondary sources THE PERSIAN WARS: OVERVIEW Despite their cultural ties, the Greek citystates were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states. GREEK CITY-STATES UNITE. WHY? Greeks city-states unite against the Persians. Why do you think they did this? Can you think of an example of a time when you put aside differences with a rival to work together? THE PERSIAN WARS: OVERVIEW United, the city-states defeated the Persians and ended the threat of Persian invasions. Persian prisoners PERSIAN WAR 490 BC Cause Revenge for Athenian interference “Master, Remember the Athenians” every day a servant said that to King Darius! MARATHON How did the Greeks win? PERSIAN WAR 490 BC Results Battle of Marathon Outnumbered Greeks defeat Persians 6,400 Persians die! Pheidippides carries message of victory home to Athens 26 miles The distance of the marathon. “Nike!” (Victory) Then he died. THE SECOND PERSIAN WAR 490 BC Results build fleet of faster ships to prepare for another attack Athens asks other city-states to form an alliance (1st ever in Greek history) PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS Why does Xerxes say he invaded Greece? CONNECTION TO YOUR LIFE Describe an event in your own life or on the news that involved revenge? What was the outcome? PERSIAN WAR 480 B.C. Cause Persians want revenge Come after Athens by land and by sea Major Battles Battle of Thermopylae Led by Spartan King Leonidas 7,000 Spartans vs. 180,000 Persians THERMOPYLAE To challenge the Persians at sea, a delaying action had to be established The Greek army set up a delaying action on land, led by King Leonidas of Sparta; knowing that a traitor had showed the Persians a way to attack the Greeks and realizing that he would soon be surrounded, Leonidas neverthelsss stayed to face his death. Leonidas sent most of the soldiers to escape to fight another day but put in a delaying action using 300 Spartans THINK PAIR SHARE Knowing what you know about Spartans, why do you think Leonidas fought even though he knew he would die? THIRD PERSIAN WAR 480 B.C. Major Battles Strait of Salamis: Naval Battle Persian fleet sunk Forced to retreat! Battle of Plataea a year later final Persia forces defeated Battle of Salamis STOP AND JOT Why did Greeks have the advantage in the Battle at Salamis? STOP AND JOT What led to the Persian Wars? OBJECTIVE Identify conclusions about the Persian Wars using primary and secondary sources GUIDED PRACTICE True or False: The Greek city-states refused to unite with one another even against the Persian empire. GUIDED PRACTICE True or False: The Greeks outnumbered the Persians in the battle of Marathon, so the Persian defeat was relatively simple. GUIDED PRACTICE True or False: Xerxes wanted to attack Athens purely to become more powerful. GUIDED PRACTICE The Greeks had the upper hand in the Battle of Salamis because: A. Their ships were fast and could maneuver in tight spaces B. They had more soldiers C. They wanted to win more D. They had a strong army on foot GUIDED PRACTICE The Persian Empire fell for all of the following reasons except: A. Rulers raised taxes B. Fights over who should be King C. They were vulnerable to attack D. Fighting over religion OBJECTIVE Identify conclusions about the Persian Wars using primary and secondary sources INDEPENDENT PRACTICE CHOOSE ONE: A. Pretend you a Greek reporter witnessing the battle of Marathon. Describe your account from the Greek perspective! OR B. Imagine you are an adviser to Xerxes and are alarmed about his plan for revenge on Greece. Write a letter explaining why he should cancel his invasion of Greece EXIT TICKET List 3 conclusions you have drawn about the wars between the Greeks and the Persians.