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Study Guide Minerals of Earth’s Crust Main Idea Earth’s crust contains many types of minerals with important uses. How Can You Identify a Mineral? mineral- a solid material of the Earth’s crust. Minerals are made up of elements Some minerals are made from 1 element like gold, silver, copper, carbon Most minerals are made from 2 or more elements. These are called chemical compounds Scientists classify minerals by looking at the elements they are made from Minerals form into mixed patterns. o The patterns then form into geometric shapes called crystals o 6 types of crystal shapes Hexagonal, Tetragonal, Cubic, Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, Triclinic Properties used to identify minerals o Color-The first thing you see on a mineral o Luster- the way light bounces off a mineral o Streak- the color powder left when rubbed o Hardness- measure of how a mineral resists scratching o Cleavage- the way a mineral breaks along flat surfaces o Fracture-when a mineral breaks in a jagged way How do minerals form? o When hot liquid rock (magma) cools and hardens into a solid. o When magma cools its molecules slow down and get closer together o They come together and form crystals o The longer it takes, the larger the crystal will grow o The cooling of hot water o Water heated by magma has more dissolved minerals o When water is cooled the water can only hold small amounts of dissolved minerals o These minerals then come together to form crystals and fall to the bottom of the water o Evaporation o Ocean water has many dissolved substances o When water evaporates the leftover dissolved substances form crystals What are minerals used for? o Ores- mineral that have useful substances o Iron- comes from mineral hematite o Used to make nails, buildings and ships o Aluminum- comes from mineral bauxite o Used for soda cans, pie tins, foil wrap o Metals- group of elements found in the ground that conducts heat and electricity o Gems- minerals that are valued for being rare and beautiful o Examples- diamonds, rubies and sapphires