* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Egyptians #2
Survey
Document related concepts
Animal mummy wikipedia , lookup
Plagues of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Index of Egypt-related articles wikipedia , lookup
Thebes, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Middle Kingdom of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Prehistoric Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Art of ancient Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Egypt (Roman province) wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian race controversy wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian medicine wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Ancient Kingdoms of Egypt Nile River The Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.) 1. Rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs, a god like figure on Earth. The Egyptians had over 31 dynasties of pharaohs spanning 2,800 years. 2. Believed in ka, an eternal spirit that ruled even after death. 3. Pyramids= elaborate burial chambers; pharaoh’s home after death. Built by peasants to glorify their king. 80 built during this time period. 4. First Illness: 2180-2080 B.C. (unhappy time period because of warfare and famine) Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.) 1. 2. 3. 4. Capital is moved from Memphis to Thebes. Projects= canal, dikes, farmland Began to believe that commoners had a common soul. Second Illness= (1640-1570 B.C.) conquered by Asian nomads known as the Hyksos. A. Learned how to make bronze, use chariots, spin and weave. B. 1600 B.C.- powerful rulers to overtake the Hyksos; Queen Ahhotep takes over and Kamose drives the Hyksos out of Egypt. New Kingdom (1570-1075 B.C.) 1. 2. 18th dynasty (1570-1365) set up professional army and established the blue crown, a battle shaped type helmet. Egyptians & Hittites= treaty made to coexist after Battle of Kadesh. Egyptian Rulers 1. Hatshepsut became the1st female pharoah in 1478 B.C., ruled 22 years encouraging trade instead of war. 2. Thutmose III, stepson of Hatshepsut, expanded the territory and wealth of the empire greater than any other time throughout Egypt. Egyptian Rulers 3. Egypt’s last great pharaoh was Ramses II. A. Reigned 67 years, lived until the age of 99. B. Created the temple to Amon at Karnak, Egypt’s chief god. Egyptian Accomplishments 1. The development of hieroglyphics and papyrus, as well as a number system. 2. Started the process of geometry by surveying land. Based their calendar on the star Sirius creating a 365 day calendar with 30 days per month. 3. Were the most famous doctors in the ancient world; first to use medicine for broken bones, wounds, and fevers. Religious Beliefs & Practices 1. 2. 3. 4. Maat= Idea of justice, right, truth, and order. Osiris= god of the dead who judged individuals. Priests had a great amount of power over people. Mummification= process used to preserve bodies, given the Book of the Dead for afterlife. Religious Contributions 1. Amenhotep IV was polytheist and then stated Aton (sun-god) was the only true god, so he changed his name to Akhenaton. Commanded Egyptians to stop the worship of many gods. 2. Tutankhamon restored capital to Thebes and ordered all things to Aton be destroyed. Took the throne at the age of 9 and returned things to original state. Fall of the Egyptians 1. 1200 B.C.= invaded by “the People of the Sea” 2. 751 B.C.= Nubian Kingdom called Kush conquered Egypt. 671 B.C.= Assyrians pushed the Nubians aside and gained control of Egypt. 3. 4. Around 500 B.C.= Persians conquer Egypt Fall of the Egyptians 5. In 331 B.C., Alexander the Great of Greece conquered the Egyptians ending 3,000 years of dynasties. 6. However, Nubian culture continued to grow throughout the region.