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Transcript
Hinduism and its development thought-out the time Hinduism is the most complex religion of the religions of the world and traces its beginnings to the third millennium, although the history of Hinduism begins with the migratory waves of Aryan people to India in the second millennium. The religion that the Aryans brought with them mingled with the religion of the native people, and the culture that developed became classical Hinduism. India was invaded and conquered by nomadic light-skinned Indo-European tribes from Central Asia around 1500-100 BC, who overthrew an earlier and more advanced dark-skinned Dravidian civilization from which they took most of what later became Hindu culture. The Aryans were remarkably expansionist, and almost everywhere they went they conquered and subjugated the indigenous peoples, imposing their languages, religious beliefs on the natives, and receiving in turn contributions from the peoples whom they conquered. The Aryans are believed to have brought with them the horse, developed the Sanskrit language and made significant inroads in to the religion of the times. All three factors were to play a fundamental role in the shaping of Indian culture. Cavalry warfare facilitated the rapid spread of Aryan culture across North India, and allowed the emergence of large empires. The Aryans did not have a script, but they developed a rich tradition. They composed the hymns of the four vedas, The Rig-Veda, The Sama-Veda, The Yajur-Veda and The Atharva-Veda; the great philosophic poems that are at the heart of Hindu thought. They also developed the caste lines; their social framework was composed mainly of the following groups: the Brahmana (priests), Kshatriya (warriors), Vaishya (agriculturists) and Shudra (workers). It can be said that the caste system was a subsequent addition or adulteration that was introduced in good faith at around 2000 B.C for the sake of social order and social welfare by Sage Manu in what are now known as Manu Smrutis or laws of the Hindu Religion. The caste system as conceived by Sage Manu was, no doubt, accepted by all without exception or question for a long time when the population of India was very small, the economy was rudimentary and the government was based on different shades of monarchy. The concept of democracy as we understand it today was unknown. Under these circumstances, the caste system served well as a form of division of labors in which each individual had a role to play according to his mental and physical endowments on a hereditary basis to ensure uninterrupted continuity in the provision of the needed services and goods. The Hindu religions characterizes for believing and worshiping many Gods, with the close of the classical period, changes were gradually introduce into the religion of India. Although, the existence of many Gods was still acknowledge, interest tended to center on the worship of a few major deities, who were however worship in many forms. Worship came to be love and devotion to these Gods. There were temples built for the three main Gods which are, Shiva- The destroyer, Vishnu- The preserver and, BrahmaThe creator of the world- Who is the ultimate reality is at the core of Hindu thought. Hinduism offers its devotees many paths. Before this temples were built there was a very careful process performed. The first step towards the construction of a temple was the selection of the land. Even though any land may have been considered suitable the necessary rituals were performed for its sanctification, the ancient text nevertheless have the following to say in this matter: “The Gods always play where groves, Rivers, mountains and springs are near, and in towns with pleasure gardens.” Not surprisingly thus many of the India’s ancient surviving temples can be seeing to have been built in lush valleys or groves, where the environment was particularly suitable for building a residence for the Gods. Temples act as safe heaven where ordinary mortals like us could feel themselves free from the constant vagaries of everyday existence, and communicate personally with God. Individuals may find relieve from life by devotion to one or more of the Indian Gods. They may also give full religious attention to all of the Gods by worshiping at their temples, offering sacrifices, praying and supporting the priests of the temples. In this manner it is believed that the Gods are supposed to look with favor upon its devotees, support the believers in life and help with the struggles of life. In postclassical Hinduism, people could choose one or more Gods and devote themselves to those Gods and their temples. This was one of the most acceptable and convenient path for most people. An equally and acceptable way for those who could follow it was the way pf knowledge (jnana-marga). For the ones that that had the time to spend studying the various philosophical implications of sacred writings, the way of knowledge had merit. The way of knowledge in Hinduism refers to the various systems of philosophy (darshan). These systems are Sankhaya, Yoga, Mimansa, Vaisheshika, Nanya, and Vedanta. All claim to be based on the Vedas, all aim at release and all believe in rebirth and pre-existence. The Law of Manu is at some point related to the rebirth and pre-existence, it is more explicit concerning the duties of the four Verna. It specifies particular occupations for each of the social groups, which are seen divinely ordained. The first three of the Verna are called “twice born” and the fourth the Shudras, “once born” members of each group have specific duties (dharma) and opportunities and must obey them only. In the first stage of life the typical upper-caste Indian male is supposed to be a student, studding the Vedas and giving careful attention to a teacher. In the second stage he is to become a householder and marry within his caste. On the third stage, a Hindu man may retreat to the forest and live there for some years as a hermit, meditating and offering sacrifices. During this time he learns non-attachments to the thing of the world. Finally when the hermit life is completed, Hindus, may become wandering beggars ( sannyasi). These four stages are only the ideals of the twice-born males (the three higher castes); the role of the Shudra is to serve the higher castes; the four stage of life are only for woman who are supposed to stay home under the control and protection of the chief male of the household. After doing some research and reading of Hinduism, I have come to the conclusion that Hinduism as one of the most complex religions of the world has gone through a series of major changes and has also faced a great advancement since its early stages that has at some point impacted the way inhabitants look at religion. Nonetheless, the arrival of the postclassical Hinduism opened many paths to its practitioner letting them choose their Gods and methods of devotions and worships. It has been extraordinary instructive at the same I have expanded my knowledge about Hinduism. The following richa (sookta 42) prayer of Rigveda is one of the interesting ones: It says the following: Hey Poosha god, please remove our dukhah (bad times), please destroy our sins. Please be our leader. The violent, theif, gambler people want to rule us, please take them away from us. The people who stop people in way, who loot us and who are cruel take them away from us. You destroy the angry people who encourage Adharma (bad karma). We pray you for our protection. Your protection had helped our ancestors who could develop. This tells the following: 1) Indians(Bhartiyas) did not like violent people, they were the one who were aboriginal and were attacked by foreigners. 2)In rigvedic time and also earlier than that indians (bhartiyas) were attacked from its west boundaries. And because people who loved vedah survived, obviously tells that such attempts failed. Invaders could not destroy Indians, they could destroy Mohanjodero, Gandhar but it does not mean that they could destroy peace loving Indians, or its Vedah (knowleadge) or its culture, which was spread from Gandhar (Kandhar) till Indonesia and Japan. 3)The same trend continued till Alexander and finally Mohammad of Ghor, who was an invader and plunderer was defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan. Great king Prithviraj spared Mohammad's life , but finally he became victorious in 1192 AD centuary and Bharat became under the rule of people with tiny hearts, who imposed Zazia tax and converted indians to Islam by killing and terrorizing. Current Mulims in India are our brothers/sisters whose/ours ancestors had to suffer first. Sources: http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/ancient/aryan/aryan_frawley.html http://www.indhistory.com/aryan.html http://www.indembassyhavana.cu/culture/culture-history-aryans.htm#Top http://www.chennaionline.com/festivalsnreligion/Articles/castesystem.asp http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/hindutemple http://www.geocities.com/dipalsarvesh/indexAryan.html Found On: http://www.geocities.com/dipalsarvesh/indexAryan.html The following richa (sookta 42) prayer of Rigveda is one of the interesting ones: It says the following: Hey Poosha god, please remove our dukhah (bad times), please destroy our sins. Please be our leader. The violent, theif, gambler people want to rule us, please take them away from us. The people who stop people in way, who loot us and who are cruel take them away from us. You destroy the angry people who encourage Adharma (bad karma). We pray you for our protection. Your protection had helped our ancestors who could develop. This tells the following: 1) Indians(Bhartiyas) did not like violent people, they were the one who were aboriginal and were attacked by foreigners. 2)In rigvedic time and also earlier than that indians (bhartiyas) were attacked from its west boundaries. And because people who loved vedah survived, obviously tells that such attempts failed. Invaders could not destroy Indians, they could destroy Mohanjodero, Gandhar but it does not mean that they could destroy peace loving Indians, or its Vedah (knowleadge) or its culture, which was spread from Gandhar (Kandhar) till Indonesia and Japan. 3)The same trend continued till Alexander and finally Mohammad of Ghor, who was an invader and plunderer was defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan. Great king Prithviraj spared Mohammad's life , but finally he became victorious in 1192 AD centuary and Bharat became under the rule of people with tiny hearts, who imposed Zazia tax and converted indians to Islam by killing and terrorizing. Current Mulims in India are our brothers/sisters whose/ours ancestors had to suffer first.