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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
I. Circulatory System- Chapter 16.1 (a.k.a _______________________________) A. Function is to _________________________, delivers ________________ to cells, and remove ______________. 1. Consists of the ____________, ___________________, and ___________. B. Heart Structure 1. A human heart has 4 chambers a. The 2 ___________ are the top chambers and they __________ blood from the body and the lungs. b. The 2 ___________ are the bottom chambers and they __________ blood to the body and the lungs. 2. ___________ are flaps of tissue between the chambers that prevent the blood from flowing _____________. a. It is the ______________ and ______________ of the valves that makes the lub-dub noise in the heart. C. How the heart works 1. When the heart ____________ the atria fill with blood. 2. When the heart _____________ the blood gets pumped forward. 3. The _____________________ fills with _____________________, sends it to the _________________________, which pumps it to the ______________. 4. At the lungs, the blood receives _______________ and gets sent to the _______________________. 5. The left atrium sends the _____________________ to the ____________________, which pumps it to the body and the brain. D. Blood vessels 1. ______________ thick blood vessels that carry blood __________ from the heart. 2. __________ thinner blood vessels that carry blood _____________ the heart. 3. _______________ are the smallest blood vessels as is where the exchange of gases (________________ and ________________) takes place with the cells. E. Blood 1. Blood is _____________ tissue that carries oxygen and other substances to the body and lungs. 2. Plasma is the ___________ part of the blood. a. Contains water, ______________, _______, ____________, and _____________. b. Floating in the plasma are red and white blood cells and ________________. F. Contents of Blood 1. Red blood cells transport ___________ to your cells and live only ______ days. 2. White blood cells ______________________ and live for ___________. 3. Platelets are particles that prevent ________________ when you cut or scrape your skin. II. ______________________________________ system A. Function 1. Absorb environmental _____________________ and pass them to blood 2. Remove _______________________________ from body B. Major organs 1. Lungs 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. Bronchi C. Pathway of air 1. Air nose (cilia to filter out dirt) ___________________ (back of throat) trachea ______________________ __________________________ (two tubes) 2. Bronchus tiny bronchioles (tubes) ____________________ (tiny sacs) surrounded by __________________________ doing gas exchange D. ______________________________ 1. Sheet of muscle dividing chest cavity from abdominal cavity a. moves ____ = ___________ b. moves ____ = ___________ III. Human Reproductive system – Ch 16.2 A. Male reproductive system 1. Function is to produces _________ and transfers it to the female reproductive system. B. Male structures 1. _____________ produce _________ and the hormone ________________. 2. _____________ are chemicals that regulate body functions. 3. Testosterone increases __________, __________________, and the growth of body hair. C. How sperm travels 1. Sperm is produced in the __________________ which are located in the _______________. 2. Sperm moves from the seminiferous tubules to the ______________________ to mature. 3. From the epididymis the sperm travels up a tube called the ___________________. 4. The sperm mixes with fluid from the ____________________ and now the liquid is called ___________. 5. Semen travels down the ____________ and is ejaculated out. D. Female reproductive system 1. Function is to produce ___________, _________________________, and give _______. E. Female structures 1. ____________ is the size of an __________ that produces ________ and the hormones, _______________ and __________________ a. The ovaries produce up to _______________ undeveloped eggs by puberty but only ___________are released and make it to the uterus. F. How an egg travels 1. A mature egg is released from one of the two ovaries which is called ___________. 2. The egg travels down the ________________________, which leads to the uterus. 3. ______________ is the organ where a baby can grow and develop. 4. If the egg does not meet a sperm the unfertilized egg plants itself into the _________________________ and then the egg and lining are ___________ from the female’s body over a period of _____________. 5. This is called the _________________________ or period. 6. If the egg meets a sperm in the fallopian tube then _________________ takes place and now the egg is called a ________________. 7. The zygote takes _____________ to travel down the fallopian tube to the uterus. 8. When the zygote reaches the uterus, it is an ______________ that looks like a tiny ball of cells. 9. The embryo plants itself into the uterus wall, which is called ____________________. 10. This is the start of ______________________. G. Pregnancy 1. The first sign of pregnancy is when the _______________________________. 2. Birth occurs between ________________________________________. 3. Embryo is called a ________________ at the 8th week. 4. ___________________ is an organ that supplies the baby with ____________ and _________________ from the mother’s blood. 5. ________________________ connects the baby to the ________________ and contains _______________ and _____________ that nourish the baby. H. Birth 1. When fetus is developed contractions occur which is called _______________. 2. The baby is pushed ________________ through the vaginal canal. IV. Integumentary system A. Function 1. ___________________________________ environment 2. Blocks moisture + invaders like _______________________ 3. Regulates _____________________________________ 4. Senses ________________________ through touch and pressure using nerve endings B. Structures 1. ____________________________ - thin, outer layer ________________________ 2. Dermis - layer made of ___________________________________ + protein fibers 3. Subcutaneous fat layer - ________________________________ 4. ____________ – salty fluid that evaporates to ______________________________ C. Other 1. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________ V. Endocrine system A. Function 1. Produce ______________________ + release them into _____________________ 2. _______________________________________ such as cell processes, reproduction + stress response B. Structures 1. ___________________________ – “master gland” a. Controls release of other hormones 2. ______________ glands – epinephrine 3. Pancreas - ________________________ 4. Other glands C. Feedback control systems 1. Turns glands _______________________________________ 2. Like a thermostat with _________________________ a. Too low ____________________ b. Too high ____________________ c. Can break VI. Digestive system A. Function 1. Takes in + _________________________________ 2. Eliminates _________________________________ B. Structures 1. Esophagus 2. _______________________ 3. Small ____________________ 4. Large _________________________ C. Digestive pathway 1. Mouth a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ breaks down food 2. _________________________________________ -muscular tube to stomach 3. Stomach – _________________________________________ breaks down food 4. ________________________________ - long, twisted, _____________ liquid food 5. _________________________________ - ______________ what's left 6. Waste __________________________________________________ VII. Excretory system A. Function 1. ______________________________________ wastes a. Water, carbon dioxide, salts, + ________________________ B. Structure 1. _________________________ 2. Liver 3. Lungs 4. ___________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________ VIII. Skeletal System – Ch 17 A. Functions of skeletal system 1. Bones protect _____________ such as the _________, __________, and ___________ 2. Bones give your body __________ and ___________ 3. Bones along with _____________ allow you to __________ 4. Long bones (like ___________) produce ____________________ 5. Bones store ______________ such as ____________ and _______________ B. Common and scientific names for bones 1. Vertebrae - _________ 2. ___________ - collar bone 3. ___________- funny bone 4. Tibia - _______ 5. ___________ - knee cap C. Two divisions of skeleton 1. All your bones are placed into 2 categories: a. _________ skeleton supports and protects many organs and consists of ________, _____________, _______, and _____________ b. ______________ skeleton all the other bones including arm and leg bones, _____________, ____________ and ____________ D. What structures make up bone? 1. _________________- tissue that contains blood vessels and is the outer most layer of the bone 2. _________________- hard part of bone that provides _____________ and ___________ a. Contains canals that allow _______________________ to run through it 3. _________________- contains open spaces like a sponge a. Also known as ____________ bone b. Protects bone marrow by acting like a shock absorber 4. _________________- thick, jelly-like layer a. ________ marrow produces ________________________ b. ____________ marrow stores ______ E. Joints - _____________________________________________ 1. Synovial fluid- ________________________________________ 2. Ligament- ______________________________________ 3. Tendon- ______________________________ 3. Cartilage- ____________________________ F. 4 types of joints 1. ___________- back and forth motion o (_________ and _________) 2. ______________________- greatest movement in body o (_______ and _______________) 3. ____________- 2 bones slide next to each other o (____________ and ___________) 4. ____________- bones fused together o (_________) IX. Muscular System – Ch 17 A. Function 1. The function of muscles is to ___________________. B. Voluntary vs. Involuntary 1. Voluntary muscles ____________________________________ Ex: ___________ are used to lift our arm 2. Involuntary muscles __________________________________ Ex: Our ________________ is a muscle that helps us breath C. 3 types of muscles 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ D. Skeletal Muscles 1. Attach to our bones by _____________ 2. _______________ muscles 3. _____________________ 4. _____________________ 5. ____________ with many nuclei E. Cardiac Muscle 1. ___________ is made of cardiac muscle 2. _______________ muscle 3. _____________________ 4. _____________________ 5. ____________ with many nuclei F. Smooth Muscle 1. Makes up organs in our _________________ 2. _______________ muscles 3. _____________________ 4. _____________________ 5. Single nucleus ______________________ G. Other parts 1. Tendon- connects _________ to ____________ 2. Ligament- connects _________ to __________ H. Muscle tissue 1. Muscles are made up of thousands of _____________________________. 2. These bundles of fibers are bound together by ________________ tissue. 3. _____________________ and ___________ run through the connective tissue. I. Movement 1. Muscles need to work in _________. 2. When a muscle is bending part of your body it is called a ____________ muscle. 3. When a muscle is extending a part of your body it is called an ______________ muscle. Ex: When you are lifting your arm your ___________ is contracting and therefore called the flexor muscle whereas your ___________ is extending and therefore called the extensor. 4. During a muscle contraction the muscle fibers shorten. 5. When the muscle relaxes the fibers return to their original position. J. Exercise 1. Muscles require movement and exercise to remain strong. 2. ______________________ requires muscles to overcome resistance by lifting weight. 3. ________________________ strengthens the heart and increases the endurance of skeletal muscle. X. Levers in the Body – Ch 17 A. _____________ 1. Hard object that _____________ around a set point 2. __________ machines- unpowered mechanical device that makes work ________ a. Examples: Levers, wheel and axle, ropes and pulleys, gears, and _________ B. ____________ 1. __________________________, or any action that has the ability to do work. 2. 2 types of force: a. ____________ - force applied by a lever (effort) b. ____________ - force exerted on load C. _________________ of levers 1. Classified by the ___________ of the input and output forces relative to the fulcrum. 2. ___________ - the fixed point where the lever ________________ D. First-class lever 1. _______________ is located _______________ the input and output force Ex: _______________ and __________________ E. Second-class lever 1. ______________ force is located _____________ the fulcrum and the input force Ex: ___________________ F. Third-class lever 1. _______________ force is located _____________ the fulcrum and the output force Ex: ______________ G. Levers in the Body 1. _________ acts as the lever 2. _________ are the fulcrum 3. _________ supply the force H. Head and neck 1. __________ -class lever 2. ___________ is the fulcrum 3. Input force supplied by ___________ muscles 4. Output force is __________________ I. Feet 1. _____________-class lever 2. ______________ are the fulcrum 3. Input force is supplied by your _____________ muscles 4. Output force is the __________________ being lifted J. Arms 1. ___________________-class levers 2. Fulcrum is the _____________ 3. Input force is supplied by your ___________ 4. Output force is lifting your ______________ K. Mechanical Advantage 1. Ratio of __________ force to _____________ force. XI. Nervous System – Ch 18 A. Function 1. Nervous system ______________________________. 2. ______________ to information. 3. Maintains __________________ through breathing and heart rate. B. Divided into two categories 1. Central nervous system includes __________ and _______________________ 2. Peripheral nervous system consists of _________ that connect to the central nervous system C. Brain 1. Controls most of your _____________________________ 2. Made of 2 types of matter a. Gray matter________________________________ b. White matter_______________________________ D. 3 parts of the brain 1. ________________- largest part that controls _______________ movements and the senses 2. ________________- provides feedback on the _____________________________ (like being upside down) and controls balance 3. ________________- part of the brain that controls __________________ actions (ex: Breathing) E. Spinal cord 1. Thick column of nerve tissue that links your brain to most of your nerves and _____________________. F. Nerves (neurons) 1. Neurons- __________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 2. Consist of 3 parts: a. ___________ b. ___________ c. ___________ 3. 2 types of neurons a. _________________________- picks up stimuli from the environment b. _________________________- sends an impulse to a muscle and the muscle contracts in response G. How a nerve impulse works 1. A _____________ starts a nerve impulse in the form of _________________. 2. The impulse starts at the ______________ that are attached to the __________________ and travels down the ______________. 3. The impulse reaches the end of the _____________ and continues down to the _______________. 4. The electrical impulse then changes to _________________ in order to move across the gap or ____________________. 5. The neighboring neuron picks up the chemicals and changes it back to an ____________ impulse continuing the process. H. Withdrawal reflex 1. Withdrawal reflex- ________________ response to an outside stimulus Ex: Ice on the neck causes the ___________ neurons to pick up coldness of ice. Next, the impulse is sent to your ___________________ and the ____________ neurons cause your body to jerk away. ___________________________________________________. XII. The mammalian _____________ - Ch 15 A. Parts 1. protective, lubricating _______________________ over cornea 2. clear __________________ protects ________________________ + helps ___________ incoming light 3. clear, watery ____________________ in ___________________ of the eye 4. __________ – pigmented (________________) part of eye a. _____________ - hole in ___________ controls amount of light entering eye b. ________________ light – iris ________________ pupil _____________ _________ light in c. ________ light – iris ____________ pupil ______________ ______light in 5. lens focuses light by ______________________________ 6. _________________________ - clear, jelly-like substance in _____________ of eye 7. __________________ - thin, light-sensitive tissue lining ______________________ 8. __________________ - layer of blood vessels behind retina a. supplies _________________________________ to retina 9. ___________________ - white part of eye a. tough, fibrous tissue __________________________ inner part of eye 10. ___________________________ – large bundle of nerve fibers a. carries information ________________________________________ XIII. Hearing – Ch 18 A. Wave 1. ____________________ transferring ____________ from place to place a. ______________ b. _______________ - waves _____________ with __________ instead of eyes B. Sound 1. Sound waves = _________________ waves a. air is pushed in _____________ by a source ( ___________________) 2. Higher pressure areas contain ______________________ than lower pressure areas 3. Alternating waves of pressure allow sound wave to travel like ____________________ 4. Frequency a. Number of __________________________________ 1). ______________ - how we hear frequency b. __________________ frequency sound 1) __________ pitch - ex: ______________ 2) ______________ of vib/sec c. _____________ frequency sound 1) __________ pitch - ex: _________________ 2) _____________ vib/sec 5. __________________________ a. Measured in ________________________________ b. Used to ____________________________ sounds C. __________________________ of ear 1. ___________________ ear a. ____________________ sound b. ______________________ sound down _____________________ 2. ______________________ ear a. Full of air b. _______________________ membrane that _______________ when sound hits it, pushes __________________ – _______________ in body – make sound louder 1) malleus - _____________________ 2) incus - _____________________ 3) stapes - ____________________ 3. __________________________ ear a. ____________________ - ___________________ shaped tube 1) lined with _____________________________ b. __________________ canals - help with __________________ D. Hearing 1. Outer ear _________________ sound 2 .Sound ________________hit the ____________________, making it vibrate 3. Vibrations cause _________________ to vibrate against membrane next to ___________________________ 4. Sound _______________________ in cochlea send nerve impulses to __________ 5. _______________________ interprets sound Extra Credit – You may select 4. ALL EXTRA CREDIT IS DUE __________________ Ch 15 Connections – must be in COMPLETE sentences Ch 16 Connections – must be in COMPLETE sentences Ch 17 Connections – must be in COMPLETE sentences Ch 18 Connections – must be in COMPLETE sentences Drew Story WS(online or see Miss D) – Answers must be in COMPLETE sentences Eye and Organ Crossword WS(online or see Miss D)