Download Final Rev Guide Earthqk Volcanoes Plate Tect

Earth Science Final Review
EARTHQUAKES
Scientist have learned about the internal
structure
(crust, mantle, core) of the earth by
studying
_________________ ___________.
Draw a diagram of the Earth’s interior.
Label all of the layers
Indicate which layers are solid, which are
liquid
Define “earthquake” –
What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?
Define “fault”Draw the 3 different types of faults.
Describe an S or Secondary Wave.
Describe an L or Surface Wave.
Describe a P wave.
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What happens to P waves when they hit a layer of different density, like the outer core?
What happens to S waves when they arrive at the outer core?
The greater the time difference between the arrival of primary and secondary
waves the _______________ the epicenter is from the seismic
station.
Draw a seismogram that appears at a seismograph station in
the P & S wave shadow zone.
Draw a seismogram that appears at a seismograph station
on the opposite side of the Earth from the epicenter.
What does the Richter Scale measure?
How is the Modified Mercalli intensity scale different?
Two different cities experience earthquakes with a magnitude of 4.5 on the Richter scale. On
the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, one city the earthquake was rated an IV in one city the
earthquake was rated a V.
What is the best explanation for this difference?
You are at the University of Arizona Geophysical Observatory. You notice the arrival of a
P-wave on the seismograph at 11 hours, 12 minutes and 0 seconds. The S-wave arrives at 11
hours, 15 minutes and 40 seconds. Calculate(subtract) the S-wave minus the P-wave
difference needed to determine the distance to the epicenter then use the travel-time graph on
the next page to determine the distance.
Time: _________________________
Distance: ______________________
What happens to the time difference between primary and secondary waves, as the distance traveled gets
longer? _____________
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If the difference between the S wave and P wave arrival is 5.5 minutes. Use the graph to determine the
distance in km.
What is the arrival time difference for a P at 7000 km? _______ for the S wave at 7000 km? __________
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CONTINENTAL DRIFT, and PLATE TECTONICS
Wegener hypothesized that the continents were once a super-continent called
_______________.
Evidence that supports plate tectonics:
The energy that causes plates to move is the Earth’s ____________________
The “Ring of Fire” is found around the ___________________
________.
Continental and oceanic lithospheric crust move atop the ___________________.
Continental crust is composed of low density, thick _____________ material.
Oceanic crust is composed of high density, thin, dark ____________ material.
Trenches on the ocean floor are associated with what type of boundary?
__________________________.
The San Andreas Fault zone is the result of what type of plate boundary?
___________________________.
What is the word that describes “Mountain Building? ______________________
List the 3 types of Mt.s that form?
The collision of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate during the Cenozoic Era formed the
________________________Mountains. What type of Mt.s are they? _____________.
The Alps, Urals, Northern Rockies, are examples of fault block mountains. What type of
plate boundary existed for these to form? ______________. What force
The Andes Mountains in South America were formed from a ______________ plate
boundary between ocean and continent.
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Volcanoes
Describe the 3 types of volcanoes filling in the table below.
Draw a diagram
Type of volcano
Shield
Composite
Cinder
Type of magma
Silica Composition
Melting temp. of rock
Viscosity
Eruption force
Gas content
Eruption force
Location Examples
Hawaii
Mt St. Helens, Mt. Rainer
Sunset Crater, Flagstaff, Az
What is the relationship between silica composition and eruptive force?
The igneous activity in the Yellowstone region, Hawaii and Iceland can be classified as
_____ _________
volcanism.
Yellowstone and Hawaii are examples of “intraplate” volcanism because _____________________
The most violent type of volcanic activity is associated with _________.
A lahar would be associated with which type(s) of volcano?
. . . a nuee ardente?
. . . Pahoehoe ?
What type of plate boundary(s) would produce volcanism?
Explain:
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