Download B (2) - TSG@MIT Physics

B.
DYNAMICS
Gravitational Forces
B1
Coupled Air Carts: Two air tracks, one level and one at an angle of
flag attached that interrupts one of
three LEDs connected to a timing system. The
horizontal cart is released at
the beginning of the track and the velocity of the cart is
measured at set intervals. Acceleration of the carts is determined and compared with theory.
Å6.5°,
B2
Atwood Machines: Various complicated Atwood machines can be
assembled using different pulleys and weights. These are good for
qualitative discussions of isolation diagrams.
B3
Low Friction Atwood Machine: The bearings on this machine have
B4
Levitating Cart: The components of a cart's weight normal and parallel to
B5
Cavendish Experiment: A Cavendish balance apparatus is used for the
demonstration needs to be set up in advance.
very low
experim
B6
Two Balloons in a Box: Two balloons are hung in a sealed box. One is
Helium balloon moves in the direction of motion
while the air-filled balloon moves in
the opposite direction.
B7
Velocities Down Straight Slope, Parabola, Catenary: Three balls
B8
Audio Tape of Brick Layer's Letter: A brick layer describes the
practical mechanics of an Atwood machine in a very comical fashion.
minutes.
B912
B.
filled w
travel d
Time:
7
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DYNAMICS (Cont.)
Spring Forces
B13
Spring Constant: Weights are attached to a vertical spring. As each
size springs are available.
weight
B14
Tension in Springs: A series of springs with known spring constants are
used to
B15
Series/Parallel Springs: This demonstration shows that two identical
springs
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B16
Linear Force Scale: Equal weights are added to a pull type spring scale.
B17
Spring Paradox: This is a network of 3 strings and 2 springs in which
B18
Young's Modulus Apparatus: A wire hung from a mount is weighted
a laser beam reflecting off the mirror.
B1922
cutting
with 1 k
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Frictional Forces
Coefficient of Friction
B23
Inclined Plane: The coefficient of static friction is measured by placing a
a plastic bin, and two pieces of wood with the
same mass but different surface
areas. The angle is determined with a
digital readout level or by trigonometry.
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wooden
B24 Block with Pulley and Weight on an Incline: A block of wood
three different surfaces is placed on a 6-ft. wooden plank. The plank is
an angle which is measured with a mounted protractor. A length of
is attached to the block and run over a pulley. (cont.)
B.
with
set at
string
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B24
Block with Pulley and Weight on an Incline (cont.): Weights are
added to the string until the block slides. The coefficient of static friction can
then be measured.
B25
Pulling a Block with a Newton Scale: A block of wood resting on a
table is
B26
Leaning Plank: A wood plank is leaned against a vertical board. The
angle a
B27
Friction of a Rope around a Bar: The static friction of several turns of
rope ar
B28
Kinetic Enegy and Friction Force: This consists of a single air cart on
an air t
B29
Water Lubricated Bearing (Cooking Pan): The cover of an ordinary
make many revolutions. Shown with the
projection TV.
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cooking
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Statics
B34
Vector Resolution of Forces: Two Newton scales support a third one
in
B35
Balance Beam: A meter stick is suspended horizontally from the center.
This de
B36
Static Equilibrium (Forces on a Crane): A model crane is utilized, its
configurations of the crane.
B.
design
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B37
Balancing Act: This apparatus is a configuration of 2 balls which are
camera is needed in 26-100.
suppor
B38
Torque on a Steel Bar: A steel bar is suspended at each end by two
two scales plus the weight of the mass, is always
zero.
scales.
B39
Capillary Tubes: Four glass tubes about three inches long have different
of the tubes than they are to each other. The
ink in each tube will rise to a different
height because of the different
diameter of each tube. TV is needed to show
demonstration.
inside d
B40
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Wooden Block between Two Strings: A block of wood is attached
b3
vertical
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Mechanical Advantage
B45
Pulling a Car out of Mud: A wire is stretched across the length of the
force is measured in each case.
B46
Cord around a Rod: A cord is attached to a 20 N scale mounted
vertically on a stand. The cord is wrapped around a polished rod, run over
B4750
table.
a
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Conservation of Momentum
B51
demonstrated.
B.
Repelling Air Carts (5-M Air Track): Two carts are pushed apart by a
large s
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B52
Walking Chain: A flexible chain circulating at high speed is shown to
B5356
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"walk" a
Collisions
B57
Elastic Collisions (5-m Air Track): Two carts collide elastically on a
5-mete
B58
Inelastic Collisions (5-m Air Track): Two carts collide inelastically on
a
B59
Heavy Cart Collisions: 6 kg carts on a 5 meter linear track can collide
seen easily anywhere in the room.
B60
Bouncing Ball Bearing on Glass: A 1/8-in. ball bearing repeatedly
bounce
B61
Impulse of Bouncing Balls: A superball, a dead superball and a tennis
ball are
B62
Colliding Balls (Sliding): A series of eight balls are mounted on two
wires s
B63
Force Due to a Stream of Balls: This apparatus consists of a tilted
shows that a stream of balls striking a hanging
vertical plate produces a force on the
plate which rotates the plate out of the
vertical to a fixed angle.
B64
B.
elastica
Colliding Balls (Hanging): Five steel balls are supported by double
tube pl
cords a
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B65
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Many-Body Collisions: The air table can be used to demonstrates
b4
many-b
Size: Table 1.5 m on a side.
B66
Ballistic Pendulum: A .22 caliber rifle is fired into a pendulum hanging
B67
Mechanical Ballistic Pendulum: A spring loaded plunger fires a
projectile ball, which is caught in a rubber-lined bob. The bob hangs from
four thin strips of steel from the upper frame. A pin projects from the bottom
the bob to touch a plastic slide mounted over a millimeter scale. When
the
from w
of
project
Rocket Thrust
B68
Rocket on a Wire: A wire is stretched across the width of the lecture
room.
B69
Fire Extinguisher on a Tricycle: A CO2 fire extinguisher is mounted
on
B70
Rocket on an Air Cart: A rocket is mounted on an air cart. Digital timers
weight of the rocket before and after burning, the thrust of the rocket can be
measu
B71
Collision of Rocket-Mounted Air Carts: Two air carts are accelerated
stand stationary. Alternately, two unequal-mass
carts can be used.
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toward
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Center of Mass
B76
Center of Mass of an Arbitrary Object: A flat, irregularly-shaped
piece of masonite is hung from different holes on separate occasions. (cont.)
B.
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B76
Center of Mass of an Arbitrary Object (cont.): Each time, a ruler is
triangle. a sector of a circle, and a semicircle.
B77
Sliding Ruler: A 12” ruler with a white dot located at its center of mass is
under a
B78
Center of Mass Trajectory: Odd-shaped objects with their centers of
- a 16' diameter disk weighted at one point on its outer rim,
- two different size balls connected with a rod,
This demonstration is shown with UV light.
mass m
B79
No-Win Tug of War: Two people on roller skates pull on a long rope to
demon
B80
Push-me/Pull-you: Two carts are connected together on the air track
with a s
B81
Motion of a falling rod: A rod with a sharp point is balanced.
First on a frictionless surface (glass) and then on a rough surface
(wood).
The horizontal motion of the center of mass of the rod is
compared as the rod falls. TV
is used.
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used to
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B82
Rim-Weighted Cylinder on an Incline: A solid cylinder weighted
center is placed on an incline and wobbles as it rolls down.
B.
off-
B83
Teeter Toy: A curved rod is weighted at each end and has a bearing at
the
B84
Double Cone and Plane: A double cone is placed on the bars of an
inclined
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DYNAMICS (Cont.)
Conservation of Energy
B89
Elastic Collisions: Two carts collide elastically on a 5-meter air track.
Their s
B90
Gravitational Potential to Kinetic Energy: A weight is attached to a
cart on
B91
Gravitational Potential to Kinetic Energy (Strobe Light): A weight
and cart. A Polaroid photograph is taken when the
cart is released. A graph is
plotted using the position of the cart vs. the
distance the cart moves. This does not
work well when the mass of the cart is
doubled.
Photograph is shown using TV/video system.
is attac
B92
Spring Potential to Kinetic Energy: A horizontal air cart is attached to
cm flag attached that interrupts an LED
connected to a timing system. The cart is
pulled a specific distance on the
track, resulting in an equal displacement in the
spring. When the cart is
released, the Potential Energy initially stored in the spring
is transformed to
Kinetic Energy in the cart, which can be calculated by
measuring the velocity
of the cart. The results are then compared.
a vertic
B93
professor.
and pu
Giant Pendulum: The professor stands with his back against the wall
B94
Giant Pendulum w/Breaking Glass: The large pendulum in
26100 is used in conjunction with a piece of glass mounted on
the side wall.
The
lecturer stands in front of the glass with the
pendulum touching his nose. He gives it a
strong push and steps
out of the way. The return swing of pendulum breaks the glass.
B95
B.
Loop-the-Loop: A ball rolls down an inclined track and around a vertical
circle.
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B96
Interrupted Swing: A pendulum swings from a support rod. A 2-meter
the same height as before. The above set
up can also be used as a variation on the
"Loop-the-loop" demonstration.
The pendulum can be set swinging so that, when
interrupted, its energy is
just enough to make it 180º around the rod, and then fall.
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stick is
B97
Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy (Pendulum & Ball): This
demonstration consists of a dropping ball and a pendulum released from the
same height. Both balls are identical. The vertical velocity of the ball is
shown to be equal to the horizontal velocity of the pendulum when they both
pass through the same height.
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Circular Motion
B102
Centrifugal versus Centripetal Force: A wooden ball is attached to
the rim
B103
Grinding Wheel Sparks: A simple demonstration that shows the linear
momen
B104
Orbiting Bucket: A bucket of water is spun in a circle. No water spills.
B105
Object Spinning on a Variable-Length String: A ball is attached to
horizontal circle. When the string is pulled, the radius of the path is
shortened and the ball speeds up.
a
B106
Air Puck Spinning on a Variable-Length String: An air puck is
attached to a string that passes through the center of an air table. A weight
is
attached to the end of the string. The ball is set into rotation in a
horizontal circle.
When the weight is released, the radius of the path is
shortened and the puck
speeds up. This is shown with the TV System.
B107
B.
Flywheel Yo-Yo: A flywheel is attached with a nylon cord to a mount and
acts as
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B108
Motorized Arm with a Hanging Pendulum: Two pendula are attached
showing acceleration of uniformly
rotating objects. The arm and pendula are shadow
projected on the wall.
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to an a
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Moment of Inertia
B113
Rolling Cylinders: Various sets of cylinders of the same size, but with
differen
B114
Ice Skater's Twirl: A person holding dumbbells in his/her arms spins on
a rotati
B115
Moment of Inertia Wheel: A weight is attached to a string wrapped
mass to fall can then be compared.
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around
B116
Chrome Inertia Wheel: This aparatus is made from four horizontal rods
wrapped around the vertical axel of the bearing.
The weight exerts a constant torque
on the system. The demonstration
shows that when the four masses are close to the
axel the angular acceleration is greater than when the four masses are attached to the ends
fixed at
B117
Stationary Cylinder on an Incline: A cylinder weighted off-center
seems to defy gravity by remaining stationary on an inclined plane.
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Inertia
B122
Plate Sliding under a Can of Soda: This demonstration uses four
parts: a small table, soda can, metal plate and a broom. The plate is placed
top of the table with one edge overhanging the table. A soda can is
placed
metal plate. (cont.)
B.
on
on
the
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B122
Plate Sliding under a Can of Soda (cont.): The broom handle is
made to strike the metal plate. The plate flies out from under the can leaving
the
can stationary. This demonstration shows in order to accelerate a mass
(i.e. make
it move) a force has to act for an appropriate amount of time.
B123
Pulling a Cloth from under a Beaker: A small towel is pulled out from
B124127
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under a
Torque
B128
Hero's Engine: This demonstration illustrates the earliest form of steam
suspended by cord.
B129132
engine
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Conservation of Angular Momentum
B133
Bicycle Wheel and Rotating Stool: The demonstrator sits on a
rotating stool and holds a spinning bicycle wheel equipped with handles on
each end of its axle. The wheel is held in a vertical plane passing through
axis of the stool. If the spinning wheel is turned into a horizontal plane,
will rotate in the opposite sense to the spin of the wheel.
B134
Train on a Horizontal Wheel: A model train track is mounted on a
horizontal bicycle wheel which is free to rotate. The train is put on the track
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the
the
stool
and started. Many different initial conditions are possible to demonstrate
conservation of angular momentum.
B135
Spherical Air-Bearing Gyroscope: A metal sphere has a small mass
pages 328-333 of Kleppner/ Kolenkow.
on a ra
B136
Air-Bearing Gyroscope: An air-supported ball has a long rod through
attaching a weight to an end of the rod.
its
B.
DYNAMICS (Cont.)
B137
Bicycle Wheel Gyroscope: A bicycle wheel is brought to speed by
means
B138
Bicycle Wheel on a Universal Bearing: A similar demonstration as
above
B139
MITAC Gyroscope: This gyroscope, powered by line voltage, maintains
a
B140
Gimbled Gyroscope: This gyroscope has three degrees of freedom and
is large
Gyroscope in a Suitcase: A gyroscope inside a suitcase is spun up via
a conn
B142
Airplane Turn Bank Indicator: Shows an application of a gyroscope
with tw
B143
Gyroscope with a Movable Torque Weight: A gyroscope resting on
a
B141
the handle.
B144
Gyroscopically Stabilized Wire-Walker: A gyroscope and a
balancing cross bar are mounted on two wheels. This device is placed on a
wire stretched across the length of all three lecture tables. It then keeps its
balance and rolls along the wire without falling.
B.
B145
Miscellaneous Gyroscopes: Numerous other small gyroscopes are
B146149
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DYNAMICS (Cont.)
Motion in Non-Inertial Frames
B150
Moving Sand Cart over a Rotating Surface: A sand-carrying
cart on a track leaves a trail of sand when it travels over a rotating table.
This shows the effect of the coriolis force.
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availab
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Size of Molecules
B155
Molecular Layers and the Size of Molecules: In this demonstration it
water surface that has been
previously sprinkled with powdered graphite. The oleic
acid has been previously mixed with pure ethanol. The ethanol solvent dissolves in the
drop. Calculate the number of
molecules in a drop and deduce, from the area of
the patch measured, the
cross sectional area of the molecule perpendicular to its
length and so the
diameter of this cross section.
B156159
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b 10
is poss
water a