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Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ Week 29 Benchmark Study Guide 2016 Use the arrows below 1. Two plates moving toward each other are called Convergent plate boundaries. 2. Continental Crust converging with another continental crust creates Mountains 3. Oceanic crust and continental crust converging creates subduction zones and volcanoes. Use the arrows below 4. Plates moving away from each other are called divergent plate boundaries. 5. Plates moving in this direction can cause ocean ridges in the ocean or rift valleys on land. Use the arrows below 6. Plates sliding past each other are called transform plate boundaries. 7. This plate boundary movement can cause earth quakes. Fill in the blanks 8. Continental drift explains how fossils of plants are found in Antarctica. 9. A volcano is found where an oceanic crust meets an oceanic or continental crust. Use the picture below Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 10. This is a picture of a Convergent boundary. 11. Volcanoes occur here because a more dense plate is meeting up with a less dense plate. 12. The oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust. That is why the oceanic crust sub ducts under the continental crust. Fill in the blanks 13. Two continental crust colliding can create mountains 14. Divergent boundaries can be caused by convection currents in the mantle. 15. folding in the crust may occur if two continental boundaries hit each other and do not sub duct. 16. The upper mantle and the crust also called the lithosphere, is the layer of the Earth where tectonic plates are found. 17. The idea of Pangaea was formed by naturalist Alfred Wegner 18. Uneven heating in the mantle cause convection currents Gravity 19. The force of gravity between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the distance. Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 20. Parts of an experiment that never change are called Constants. 21. If all the atoms of a substance are identical, then the substance is a/an element. Also, these are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. 22. Compounds are created when two or more elements are chemically combined. 23. Label the following as an element or compound: H __Element______ HCl __Compound____ H2O _Compound___ He __Element_______ 24. Label the pictures as an element, a compound and a mixture. _Element_________ ___Mixture____ __Compound_ 25. Give 5 indicators (evidence) that a chemical change has taken place: a. Gas is produced d. Temperature change b. Precipitate formed e. Tarnishing c. Decaying f. Bubbles/fizzing are produced 26. The air we breathe, also called the atmosphere, is a mixture of elements and compounds. It is 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen and 1% other elements and compounds. 27. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the ocean. 28. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Crust. Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 29. On the periodic table of elements, metals are to the left of the stair step line, nonmetals are to the right of the stair step and metalloids are along the stair step line. 30. Complete the following chart: Properties of Metals Properties of Nonmetals Shiny Dull Malleable Brittle Ductile Poor conductor Good conductor Properties of Metalloids Will have properties Of both metals and Nonmetals 31. What is the formula for density? Density = Mass/Volume 32. If the mass of an object is 100g and the volume is 25 mL, what is the density of the substance? D=M/V D= 100g/25ml D=4g/ml 33. When measuring the density of an object, the tools that you would use would be Triple beam balance and a graduated cylinder 34. Water has a density of __1__ g/ml. In a graduated cylinder, the densest material will sink/float to the bottom. The less dense material will sink/float to the top. 35. Lighting a match is an example of chemical energy converted to thermal energy. 36. A battery has stored chemical energy. Its potential energy is increasing/decreasing when it is in a battery-powered device that is left on. 37. in a closed circuit (light bulb, battery and wires), chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy and then to light energy. 38. Name several ways we can conserve energy in your home or at school: *turn off lights when leaving the room *turn off water while brushing teeth Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 39. Complete the following table: RESOURCE Renewable/nonrenewable/ Advantages Disadvantages perpetual Coal nonrenewable Cheap lots Pollutes air of it in US when burned Oil nonrenewable Not pollutes the air expensive, as it is burned Natural Gas nonrenewable Not Not much left expensive, Nuclear nonrenewable Not waste is Power expensive, radioactive nonpolluting Biomass Renewable free, easily pollutes the air found as it is burned Wind perpetual Free, non- Not reliable polluting Hydropower Renewable Free, non- Destroys polluting ecosystem Geothermal Renewable Free, no can’t be placed pollution everywhere Solar perpetual NonNot reliable polluting, free 40. Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is motion energy. 41. Mark a P and K to show the greatest amounts of potential and kinetic energy on the rollercoaster below. P K Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 42. List the 3 ways thermal energy is transferred. Describe how the heat is transferred in each type. Conduction – heat is transferred from one object to another by direct contact. Convection – heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid (liquid or gas) Radiation – the transfer of energy by waves 43. A Force is a push or pull on an object’s position, direction or location. 44. Acceleration is a change in an object’s position, direction or location. 45. An object in rest, stays at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion until a/an unbalanced force acts upon it. 46. Draw 4 distance time graphs and to show each of the following: constant speed, traveling toward home slowly, traveling away from start quickly, and at rest. Label the X-axis and the Y-axis. Constant speed traveling towards home Away fast away and resting 47. Gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system. It is also why everything that goes up must come down Calculate the following speed SHOW YOUR WORK! 48. Distance = 3 cm Time = 3 hrs Speed = 1cm/hr S= 3cm/3hrs 50. Distance = 80 km Time = 2 hr Speed = 40km/hr Speed = distance / time Speed = distance / time 49. Distance =125 m Time = 5 hr Speed = 25m/hr 51. Distance = 10 cm Time = 50 min Speed = Speed = distance / time Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 52. Distance = 64 m Time = 8 sec Speed = Speed = distance / time 53. Distance = 5 cm Time = 10 sec Speed = Speed = distance / time 54. What is the average speed of a car traveling 120 miles in 4 hours? 55. A snail traveled 2 meters in 3 hours. What was his average speed? 56. A dog ran 18 km in 3 hours. What was his average speed? 57. What is the average speed of a butterfly traveling for 10 minutes with a distance of 400 meters? 58. Identify the following as conduction, convection or radiation: Conduction – heat is transferred from one object to another by direct contact. Convection – heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid (liquid or gas) Radiation – the transfer of energy by waves. Transfer of heat without touching. a. a metal spoon getting hot in a warm pan of water _____conduction______ b. hot air rising, then cooling and falling _____convection____________________ c. heat from the sun warming your car _____radiation_______________________ d. warming your hands by a fire on a cold night _______radiation___________ e. noodles in boiling water rising and falling _____convection______________ f. touching a hot plate and getting burned _______conduction________________ g. drying a shirt over a warm air vent ______convection_____________________ h. a pan on the stove _____________conduction________________________________ i. sand on the beach warming because of the sun __radiation______________ 59._Cleavage__________ is when a mineral breaks in an orderly pattern. Name:_______________________________________________Period__________ 60._luster_________ is how light reflects off of an object. 61. Rocks are a mixture of mineral pieces and inorganic material. 62. Diamond can only be scratched with Diamond 63. There are over 3000 minerals, only _30______ are common. 64. The most common minerals are quartz, feldspar, mica and __calcite_____. 65. _Sedimentary Rock is cemented together. 66. Rocks are classified by how they are__formed________. 67. The laying down of sediment is called _deposition__________. 68. Igneous rock is formed from rock that melts and then it _cools________. 69. Metamorphic rock is formed by _heat ____ and __pressure___________. 70. Sedimentary rock is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. 71. 72. Label the layers of the Earth and the state of matter of each layer. Asthenosphere – liquid (plasticity type) Mantle – solid Outer Core - liquid Inner Core - solid Lithosphere – solid Crust Name:_______________________________________________Period__________