Download Exam 1 Review - Iowa State University

Exam Review:
Inorganic Chemistry
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Chemistry Review:
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Kelly and Kali
Biol 212 (1 + 2)
Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday
09/15/14
How many electrons can occupy a
given orbital?
How many electrons can occupy a
given shell?
Which number would you look at to
determine which elements these
are?
How would you form an isotope
from one of these elements? an ion?
# of shells?
# of orbitals?
How does a cation differ from an
anion?
# of shells?
# of orbitals?
Periods run________________
Groups run________________
Compare and Contrast:
(strength of the bond? Atoms involved? Electron placement? Examples?)
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Solutions:
What 2 things make up a solution?
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
What characterizes each?
Acids
Bases
What might happen if the pH in a living system changed too much?
How does the body counteract a change in pH?
Other things to know.....
 Atom
 Molecule
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Exam Review:
Organic Chemistry
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Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Macromolecules:
Macromolecule Composition
Linkage
1.
Bond name?
Elements involved:
Monomers=
Kelly and Kali
Biol 212 (1 +2)
Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday
09/15/14
Examples of where
found and function
Polymers=
2.
Elements involved:
Bond name?
Components=
3.
Elements involved:
Monomers=
Bond Name?
Polymers=
4.
Elements involved:
Monomers=
Bond name?
Polymers=
Important:
What type of reaction is for synthesizing polymers?
What type of reaction is for breaking polymers?
Which macromolecule is associated with the following? Describe the differences.
Saturated
Unsaturated
Briefly explain how to identify the levels of protein structures. What do you look for?
1.
2
3.
4.
Other things to know...
 Amphipathic
 Isomers (Stereoisomer vs. Structural isomer)
 Intrastrand vs.Interstrand H-bonds
 Disulfide bonds
Classify the following as a Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid, or Lipid. Can you tell if each is
a monomer or polymer?
Exam Review:
Protein Secretion
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Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
What are the 2 different pathways?
Protein Secretion
Why are they named that way?
1.
Kelly and Kali
Biol 212 (1 +2)
Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday
09/15/14
2.
Unscramble and diagram the steps:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Chaperone proteins leave and peptide is moved across a membrane to destination
A peptide is cotranslated into ER lumen and SRP leaves.
Ribosome begins translation
SRP to SRP receptor on ER
Peptide finishes synthesis in cytosol
Protein is packaged in ER for next destination.
Signal peptidase cleaves signal sequence
Chaperone binds to a receptor protein on a membrane
Peptide signal sequence binds to SRP
Channel Protein on ER opens
A chaperone binds to a signal sequence
Where can proteins from each protein secretion pathway end up?
Cotranslational Pathway
Post-translational Pathway
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Exam Review:
Cell Membranes
Kelly and Kali
Biol 212 (1 +2)
Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday
09/15/14
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Cell Membranes:
What components make up a cell membrane? Why does a bilayer form?
Why are gradients across a cell membrane important? what are they used for?
Explain each in 3 bullet points (each bullet should only have 2 words!)
1. Passive Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Active Transport
What solutes utilize each method from above?
Compare and contrast channels and transporters:
3 types of transporters: Do these need energy to work?
Antiporter
Symporter
Other things to know....
 Turgor Pressure
 Plasmolysis
 Hypertonic
 Hypotonic
 Isotonic
 Crenation
 Osmotic Pressure
 Aquaporins
Uniporter
Leader: Kelly and Kali
Course: Biol 212 (1 +2)
Instructor: Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday
Supplemental Instruction
Date: 09/15/14
Iowa State University
1. After observing many types of organisms, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden
stated that all known organisms are composed of cells. This statement and process can be best
described as…
a. Hypothesis-Based Science
b. Discovery-Based Science
Exam Review:
Multiple Choice
2. Changing the number of neutrons forms ions of the same element.
a. True
b. False
3. Rank the following structures by their size from LARGEST TO SMALLEST: condensed
chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide.
a. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide, insulin, carbon atom
b. insulin, carbon atom, nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide
c. condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, nucleotide, insulin
d. nucleus, nucleotide, insulin, condensed chromosome 13, carbon atom
e. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, insulin, nucleotide, carbon atom
4. The molecular formula C18H32O2 is for a biomolecule that can be described as a
a. Carbohydrate
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Fatty Acid
d. Amino Acid
5. The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when
a. the negative charge on a chloride ion is attracted to and balanced by a positive charge on a
sodium ion
b. sodium and chlorine share an electron pair.
c. sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells.
d. chlorine gains a proton from sodium.
6. Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond?
a. H2
b. O2
c. H2O
d. CH4
7. The bonds that carbon forms to other atoms are usually
a. ionic
b. hydrogen
c. covalent
d. A and B only
e. A, B, and C are all correct
8.
Rank the following types of chemical bonds in order from weakest to strongest
a. hydrogen, ionic, van der Waals, covalent
b. ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van der Waals
c. van der Waals, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
d. hydrogen, covalent, van der Waals, ionic
e. ionic, covalent, van der Waals, hydrogen
9. Which of the following statements is FALSE? If they are all true choose E.
a. Polysaccharides are composed of simple sugars held together by glycosidic bonds.
b. Triglycerides (triacylglycerols) are made up of glycerol joined to fatty acids by ester bonds.
c. Proteins are amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
d. Nucleic acids are nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds.
e. All of the above are true.
10. What characteristic(s) is/are likely to make a molecule soluble in water?
a. Small size
b. Nonpolar functional groups
c. Long hydrocarbon tails
d. An ability to form hydrogen bonds
e. Choices A and C are both correct.
11. The alpha-helix and the beta-pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms that
constitute which level of protein structure?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
12. Which of the following does not contain functional ribosomes?
a. a prokaryotic cell
b. a mitochondrion
c. a chloroplast
d. the Golgi apparatus
13. Which of the following would NOT be found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaeans)?
a. DNA.
b. a cell wall.
c. a plasma membrane.
d. ribosomes.
e. an endoplasmic reticulum.
14. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true
statement about membrane phospholipids?
a. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
b. They flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other several times a second.
c. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the
membrane.
d. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
e. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
15. If you fused a mouse cell with one type of protein embedded in its cell membrane with a
human cell carrying a different protein in its membrane and waited several hours, you would
expect to see
a. the two protein types mixed randomly over the surface of the fused cell.
b. one of the protein types dominate, and the other be excluded from the fused membrane.
c. both proteins still present, with a clear boundary separating one type from the other, even
though the cell membranes were otherwise uniform.
d. human proteins on just one side of the membrane, and mouse proteins all on the other side.
16. Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane
most slowly?
a. oxygen (O2)
b. a steroid hormone like testosterone
c. glucose
d. a protein whose surface amino acids included abundant polar functional groups
17. Which of the following statements is TRUE about diffusion?
a. It is very rapid over long distances.
b. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
c. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.
d. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of
higher concentration.
18.
If you were to place phospholipids into a beaker full of vegetable oil, which picture shows what
could be expected?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
19. A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body
fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his
veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
a. It will have no unfavorable effect, as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
b. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up, because solutes will quickly diffuse from the
cells.
c. The patient's red blood cells will swell, because water will enter the cells.
d. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up, because solutes will enter the cells.
e. The patient's red blood cells will swell, because proteins will leave the cells.
Exam 1 Review:
Kukday Lecture Specific
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Applying the Scientific Method:
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Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Kali D
BIOL 212 (2)
Dr. Kukday
9/15/14
1. Buffers are useful in biological systems as they help maintain pH homeostasis. Your
hypothesis is that carbonic acid, H2CO3, a weak acid, will act as a buffer. How could you test
this hypothesis? H2CO3 HCO3 + H+
a. Make a solution of carbonic acid and determine its pH.
b. Make a solution of carbonic acid, determine the pH of the solution, add NaOH, and measure
the pH again.
c. None of these approaches will inform your hypothesis.
d. Pour HCl into your Coke and drink it. If carbonic acid is a buffer, you will be OK.
2. Compare a hypothesis and prediction.
Hypothesis
Prediction
Chemistry of Life:
3. Explain the set up Rutherford’s Gold Foil experiment. What information did his conclusions
provide?
4. Which atom symbolized in the illustration, in which the large black dots represent the nuclei
and the small dots represent electrons in electron shells, depicts an atom with a valence of 2,
meaning it can form two covalent bonds?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
5. What charge does an alpha particle have?
positive/negative. (Circle one)
can
It repels positive/negative and attracts
6. Label the atomic number and atomic mass. What additional information
can you gain from the atomic number?
6. List and order the 3 bonds from strongest to weakest.
7. What is an amphipathic molecule? Give an example of an amphipathic molecule in the body.
8. Give an example of one buffer in the body. Why are buffers important in the body?
9. What protein is overactive in glaucoma?
Macromolecules:
10. What are the most common monosaccharides? (Think about the number of carbons)
11. Explain the different roles or functions of all the four macromolecules. (Very general)
Carbohydrates:
Lipids:
Proteins:
Nucleic Acids:
12. Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
a. an alcohol such as ethanol
b. a monosaccharide such as glucose
c. a triglyceride
d. an amino acid such as glycine
13. What 3 components make up a nucleotide? Draw the structure,
14. Compare and contrast RNA and DNA. (Where are they found? Etc.)
DNA
RNA
Cells and Cell Membranes:
15. Separate each molecule into the correct category
Carbs
Lipids
a) Polysaccharide
b) Sucrose
c) Cholesterol
f) Cellulose
g) triglycerides
h) glucose
Proteins
d) Albumin
e) Estrogen
i) peptidase
j) lysine
16. What 3 components make up the cytoskeleton? Give 1 function of each.
17. What are the 3 domains of a molecular motor?
18. Explain the function of lamins in the cell and their role in progeria.
19. What is glycosylation and where in the cell does it take place?
Proteolysis?
20. How does pre-pro-lactase get to lactase? Explain the order and steps that the protein goes
through in the cell.