Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Exam Review: Inorganic Chemistry Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Chemistry Review: Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Kelly and Kali Biol 212 (1 + 2) Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday 09/15/14 How many electrons can occupy a given orbital? How many electrons can occupy a given shell? Which number would you look at to determine which elements these are? How would you form an isotope from one of these elements? an ion? # of shells? # of orbitals? How does a cation differ from an anion? # of shells? # of orbitals? Periods run________________ Groups run________________ Compare and Contrast: (strength of the bond? Atoms involved? Electron placement? Examples?) Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Solutions: What 2 things make up a solution? What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic? What characterizes each? Acids Bases What might happen if the pH in a living system changed too much? How does the body counteract a change in pH? Other things to know..... Atom Molecule 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 515-294-6624 [email protected] http://www.si.iastate.edu Exam Review: Organic Chemistry Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Macromolecules: Macromolecule Composition Linkage 1. Bond name? Elements involved: Monomers= Kelly and Kali Biol 212 (1 +2) Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday 09/15/14 Examples of where found and function Polymers= 2. Elements involved: Bond name? Components= 3. Elements involved: Monomers= Bond Name? Polymers= 4. Elements involved: Monomers= Bond name? Polymers= Important: What type of reaction is for synthesizing polymers? What type of reaction is for breaking polymers? Which macromolecule is associated with the following? Describe the differences. Saturated Unsaturated Briefly explain how to identify the levels of protein structures. What do you look for? 1. 2 3. 4. Other things to know... Amphipathic Isomers (Stereoisomer vs. Structural isomer) Intrastrand vs.Interstrand H-bonds Disulfide bonds Classify the following as a Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid, or Lipid. Can you tell if each is a monomer or polymer? Exam Review: Protein Secretion Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University What are the 2 different pathways? Protein Secretion Why are they named that way? 1. Kelly and Kali Biol 212 (1 +2) Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday 09/15/14 2. Unscramble and diagram the steps: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. Chaperone proteins leave and peptide is moved across a membrane to destination A peptide is cotranslated into ER lumen and SRP leaves. Ribosome begins translation SRP to SRP receptor on ER Peptide finishes synthesis in cytosol Protein is packaged in ER for next destination. Signal peptidase cleaves signal sequence Chaperone binds to a receptor protein on a membrane Peptide signal sequence binds to SRP Channel Protein on ER opens A chaperone binds to a signal sequence Where can proteins from each protein secretion pathway end up? Cotranslational Pathway Post-translational Pathway Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Exam Review: Cell Membranes Kelly and Kali Biol 212 (1 +2) Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday 09/15/14 Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Cell Membranes: What components make up a cell membrane? Why does a bilayer form? Why are gradients across a cell membrane important? what are they used for? Explain each in 3 bullet points (each bullet should only have 2 words!) 1. Passive Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Active Transport What solutes utilize each method from above? Compare and contrast channels and transporters: 3 types of transporters: Do these need energy to work? Antiporter Symporter Other things to know.... Turgor Pressure Plasmolysis Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Crenation Osmotic Pressure Aquaporins Uniporter Leader: Kelly and Kali Course: Biol 212 (1 +2) Instructor: Howell/Sakaguchi/Kukday Supplemental Instruction Date: 09/15/14 Iowa State University 1. After observing many types of organisms, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that all known organisms are composed of cells. This statement and process can be best described as… a. Hypothesis-Based Science b. Discovery-Based Science Exam Review: Multiple Choice 2. Changing the number of neutrons forms ions of the same element. a. True b. False 3. Rank the following structures by their size from LARGEST TO SMALLEST: condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide. a. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide, insulin, carbon atom b. insulin, carbon atom, nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide c. condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, nucleotide, insulin d. nucleus, nucleotide, insulin, condensed chromosome 13, carbon atom e. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, insulin, nucleotide, carbon atom 4. The molecular formula C18H32O2 is for a biomolecule that can be described as a a. Carbohydrate b. Nucleic Acid c. Fatty Acid d. Amino Acid 5. The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when a. the negative charge on a chloride ion is attracted to and balanced by a positive charge on a sodium ion b. sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. c. sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. d. chlorine gains a proton from sodium. 6. Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond? a. H2 b. O2 c. H2O d. CH4 7. The bonds that carbon forms to other atoms are usually a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. A and B only e. A, B, and C are all correct 8. Rank the following types of chemical bonds in order from weakest to strongest a. hydrogen, ionic, van der Waals, covalent b. ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van der Waals c. van der Waals, hydrogen, ionic, covalent d. hydrogen, covalent, van der Waals, ionic e. ionic, covalent, van der Waals, hydrogen 9. Which of the following statements is FALSE? If they are all true choose E. a. Polysaccharides are composed of simple sugars held together by glycosidic bonds. b. Triglycerides (triacylglycerols) are made up of glycerol joined to fatty acids by ester bonds. c. Proteins are amino acids joined by peptide bonds. d. Nucleic acids are nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds. e. All of the above are true. 10. What characteristic(s) is/are likely to make a molecule soluble in water? a. Small size b. Nonpolar functional groups c. Long hydrocarbon tails d. An ability to form hydrogen bonds e. Choices A and C are both correct. 11. The alpha-helix and the beta-pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms that constitute which level of protein structure? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary 12. Which of the following does not contain functional ribosomes? a. a prokaryotic cell b. a mitochondrion c. a chloroplast d. the Golgi apparatus 13. Which of the following would NOT be found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaeans)? a. DNA. b. a cell wall. c. a plasma membrane. d. ribosomes. e. an endoplasmic reticulum. 14. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? a. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. b. They flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other several times a second. c. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. d. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. e. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane. 15. If you fused a mouse cell with one type of protein embedded in its cell membrane with a human cell carrying a different protein in its membrane and waited several hours, you would expect to see a. the two protein types mixed randomly over the surface of the fused cell. b. one of the protein types dominate, and the other be excluded from the fused membrane. c. both proteins still present, with a clear boundary separating one type from the other, even though the cell membranes were otherwise uniform. d. human proteins on just one side of the membrane, and mouse proteins all on the other side. 16. Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most slowly? a. oxygen (O2) b. a steroid hormone like testosterone c. glucose d. a protein whose surface amino acids included abundant polar functional groups 17. Which of the following statements is TRUE about diffusion? a. It is very rapid over long distances. b. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. c. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. d. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. 18. If you were to place phospholipids into a beaker full of vegetable oil, which picture shows what could be expected? a. A b. B c. C d. D 19. A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? a. It will have no unfavorable effect, as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. b. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up, because solutes will quickly diffuse from the cells. c. The patient's red blood cells will swell, because water will enter the cells. d. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up, because solutes will enter the cells. e. The patient's red blood cells will swell, because proteins will leave the cells. Leader: Kelly Course: Biol 212 (1) Instructor: Howell/Sakaguchi Supplemental Instruction Date: 09/15/14 Iowa State University Microscopy: (Different types and how they work.) Electron Microscope Light Microscope Exam Review: Howell Specific!! Resolution vs. Magnification: 1. Label the types of protein filaments. 2. Which proteins associate with each of these? 3. What is Dynamic Instability? Which of these deals with that? Primary and Secondary Active Transport: Cell: 1. Label the inside and outside of the cell. 2. Consider a Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Label the ions that may be entering/exiting the cell. 3. How many ions are moving in any given direction? (Label it!) 4. Is there energy being used? How do you know? 5. Which side has a +/- charge? (Label it!) 6. Is this an antiporter /symporter /uniporter? How do you know? 7. Is this primary or secondary active transport? How do you know? Big Picture: What is the point of this? Cell Reproduction: What stage? What occurs? G1 16 S 14 G2 18 Mitosis 2 Use the cell numbers (left) to calculate the length of each stage. Assume 24 hour total. Cytokinesis What is the driving factor for the cell cycle? What does it actually do? Other things to know.... Cell Theory, structural vs. stereoisomers, relative sizes of atoms, molecules, organelles, etc.