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Get Nearpod Ready!! Date Topic Page # (Mesopotamian Kingdoms) Draw the Fertile Crescent *Sumeria (4,000 – 2270 B.C.) -Created the first empire by unifying the city states of Southern Mesopotamia -Invented the Arch, Cuneiform, Sundial and discovered copper and bronze smelting *Uruk – The first true city in history -In Sumeria, location of The Epic of Gilgamesh, king of Uruk *Akkad (2,270 – 2,050 B.C.) -The City State Akkad overthrew the Sumerian Empire and united ALL of Mesopotamia -First led by Sargon the Great *Old Babylon (1,800 – 1530 B.C.) -First led by Hammurabi the Great who defeated Akkad forming the first Babylonian Empire -One of the wealthiest city states of Mesopotamia What aspect of criminal justice do you think the ancient world avoided when possible? *Hammurabi's’ Code -First unifying code of laws for an empire, 282 laws altogether -Describes the conduct for contracts, crimes, and trials -Favored men and the rich -Most punishments included heavy fines, death, and bodily harm with only occasionally prison *Hittites (1530 – 1200 B.C.) -Originated from Turkey/Asia Minor/Anatolia -First empire to use germ warfare and iron weapons -Destabilized Babylon and ruled N. Mesopotamia -Signed first ever peace Treaty with Ramses II of Egypt -The Bronze Age Collapse caused by the Santorini Eruption crippled the Hittites and were followed by unknown invaders *Assyria (900 - 600 B.C.) -Ruthless opponents dedicated to war (similar to future Sparta) -Used the Hittite knowledge of Iron to make near steel weapons -Conquered the Entire Fertile Crescent including Egypt -Were defeated by a coalition of nations led by Babylon How would you destroy a castle without throwing projectiles? *Assyrian Technology -Assyrian’s were among the first to utilize siege weapons including Siege towers and Battering Rams while also inventing wall mining and boat bridges *Neo-Babylon (600 to 539 BC) -Referred to as Neo for being the reborn Babylonian Empire -Also called the Chaldean Empire for its Chaldean kings What Biblical events took place in Babylon? *Nebuchadnezzar -The most famous king of Neo-Babylon -Created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon for his homesick foreign wife -The sophisticated irrigation system made it famous *Persia (536 to 336 B.C.) -Conquered the Middle East from Egypt to India -The largest western empire prior to Rome -Modern day Iran -Divided into Satrapies ruled by Satraps -Built the Royal Road unifying Persia -Granted religious freedom to its citizens -Conquered by Alexander the Great of Macedonia