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Date
Topic
Page #
(Mesopotamian
Kingdoms)
Draw the Fertile Crescent

*Sumeria (4,000 – 2270 B.C.)
-Created the first empire by unifying the city
states of Southern Mesopotamia
-Invented the Arch, Cuneiform, Sundial and
discovered copper and bronze smelting
*Uruk – The first true city in history
-In Sumeria, location of The Epic of
Gilgamesh, king of Uruk
*Akkad (2,270 – 2,050 B.C.)
-The City State Akkad overthrew the Sumerian
Empire and united ALL of Mesopotamia
-First led by Sargon the Great
*Old Babylon (1,800 – 1530 B.C.)
-First led by Hammurabi the Great
who defeated Akkad forming
the first Babylonian Empire
-One of the wealthiest city states of Mesopotamia
What aspect of criminal justice
do you think the ancient
world avoided when possible?
*Hammurabi's’ Code
-First unifying code of laws for an empire, 282 laws altogether
-Describes the conduct for contracts, crimes, and trials
-Favored men and the rich
-Most punishments included heavy fines, death, and bodily harm
with only occasionally prison
*Hittites (1530 – 1200 B.C.)
-Originated from Turkey/Asia Minor/Anatolia
-First empire to use germ warfare and iron weapons
-Destabilized Babylon and ruled N. Mesopotamia
-Signed first ever peace Treaty with Ramses II of Egypt
-The Bronze Age Collapse caused by the
Santorini Eruption crippled the Hittites and
were followed by unknown invaders
*Assyria (900 - 600 B.C.)
-Ruthless opponents dedicated to war (similar to future Sparta)
-Used the Hittite knowledge of Iron to make near steel weapons
-Conquered the Entire Fertile Crescent including Egypt
-Were defeated by a coalition of nations led by Babylon
How would you destroy a castle
without throwing projectiles?
*Assyrian Technology
-Assyrian’s were among the first to utilize siege
weapons including Siege towers and Battering Rams
while also inventing wall mining and boat bridges
*Neo-Babylon (600 to 539 BC)
-Referred to as Neo for being the reborn Babylonian Empire
-Also called the Chaldean Empire for its Chaldean kings
What Biblical events took place in
Babylon?
*Nebuchadnezzar
-The most famous king of Neo-Babylon
-Created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon for his
homesick foreign wife
-The sophisticated irrigation system made it famous
*Persia (536 to 336 B.C.)
-Conquered the Middle East from Egypt to India
-The largest western empire prior to Rome
-Modern day Iran
-Divided into Satrapies ruled by Satraps
-Built the Royal Road unifying Persia
-Granted religious freedom to its citizens
-Conquered by Alexander the Great of Macedonia