Download Chapter 1 Objectives

Semester 1 Objectives- This is a list most of the concepts you will be required to know on the
final. These are pretty much the same as the objectives you have already received for each
chapter. You need to review all major labs in addition to the content described below.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD: Chapter 1
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Explain the goal of science
2. Explain the process of science (the steps)
3. Identify independent and dependent variables in a given experiment.
4. Describe the characteristics of life
CHEMISTY- CHAPTER 2
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Identify the 3 subatomic particles and their distinct properties.
2. Describe the two main types of chemical bonds.
3. Explain what polarity is and why water molecules are polar.
4. Explain what an acid and base are.
5. Identify acids and bases on the pH scale.
6. Identify the products and reactants of a chemical reaction.
7. Explain what a substrate is.
8. Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds.
9. Explain how to differentiate between the kinds of organic compounds.
10. Describe why enzymes are important to living things.
CELLS -CHAPTER 3
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Define cell and cell specialization.
2. Explain the cell theory.
3. Identify differences between plant and animal cells.
4. Describe prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
5. Describe the main function of the cell wall.
6. Describe the function of the nucleus.
7. Describe the functions of the major cell organelles.
8. Identify the main functions of the cell membranes.
9. Define diffusion, active and passive transport, and osmosis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION-CHAPTER 4
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Define photosynthesis.
2. Identify the equation for photosynthesis.
3. Define ATP, and describe how it releases it’s energy.
4. Explain what chlorophyll is and its role in photosynthesis
5. Explain how different colors of light effect plant growth.
6. What does the spinach lab demonstrate?
7. Describe the 3 steps of cellular respiration.
8. Identify the equation for respiration.
9. Identify where cellular respiration takes place.
10. Explain how muscle fatigue leads to fermentation.
11. Explain the 2 types of fermentation.
12. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration
DNA AND RNA - CHAPTER 8
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Identify the parts of a nucleotide
2. Identify the 5 nitrogenous bases.
3. Identify the products of replication, transcription, and translation.
4. Describe how replication occurs.
5. Transcribe and translate DNA.
6. Define codon and anticodon.
7. Identify differences between DNA and RNA.
8. Identify the big picture, explain the steps required to make a protein from DNA.
9. Define mutation.
MITOSIS -CHAPTER 5
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Identify the different phases of mitosis, and its products.
2. Describe the parts of the cell cycle.
3. Explain why cells are small.
4. Explain what happens when mitosis goes unchecked.
5. Draw a chromosome and label it’s parts.
GENETICS – CHAPTER 6+ 7
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:
1. Describe Mendel’s experiment
2. Identify the different phases of mitosis and meiosis
3. Describe differences between meiosis and mitosis
4. Identify the products of meiosis and mitosis
5. Define haploid and diploid.
6. Define genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, genetics, and
heredity.
7. Make and use punnet squares, determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios, and the
gametes produced.
8. Define segregation, crossing over, codominance, and incomplete dominance.
9. Define and use a karyotype.
10. Define sex linked and autosomal.
11. Explain how a sex linked disorders occurs.
12. Use a punnet square to determine the probability of sex linked and autosomal traits.
13. Draw and fill in a pedigree.
14. Using a pedigree and explain the mode of inheritance being analyzed.
15. Explain how blood groups show multiple alleles.
16. Be familiar with the following genetic disorders: Sickle cell anemia, Colorblindness,
Hemophilia, Down Syndrome.
17. Explain how nondisjunction can cause genetic disorders.
LABS/ACTIVITIES:
Atom Packet
Organelle Organizer
Spinach Disc/ photo finish lab
Punnet square practice problems
Brine shrimp
Osmosis lab
Meiosis Foldable
Lorenzo’s oil movie
Toothpickase
Muscle Fatigue
Felt Mitosis