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Civil War Study Guide
Ch. 17 - The Tide of War Turns
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Vocabulary – Ch. 17 Section 1 - Use page 536 to define:
Emancipation Proclamation –
document issued by Lincoln that declared that all
slaves in Confederate-held territory were free
54th Massachusetts Volunteers – regiment
of African American soldiers that gained
fame for its courageous assault on Fort Wagner, S.C.
emancipate – to
prolong – to
free
lengthen (in time)
Commander-in-Chief - the
Liberation - the
president in his role as commander of all armed forces
act of setting someone free
Battle of Antietam - bloody
battle in Maryland that ended Lee’s first invasion of
the North
Ch. 17 Section 2 - Use page 542 to define:
Copperheads – Northern
Democrats who favored peace with the South
writ of habeas corpus – law
that prevents the government from holding citizens
without formal charges
conscription – military
income tax –
draft
tax on earnings
Clara Barton – Civil
War nurse who later founded the American Red Cross
greenback – paper
money introduced during the Civil war
inflation – increase
in prices and decrease in value of money
Ch. 17. Section 3 – Use page 548 to define:
Battle of Gettysburg – battle
in 1863 in Pennsylvania when Union forces stopped a
Confederate invasion of the North
Siege of Vicksburg – The
Surrounding of the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi by Union
forces
dislodge – remove
George Pickett– Confederate
Pickett’s Charge – failed
General who fought at Gettysburg
assault on Union positions on the final day of the Battle
of Gettysburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea - Union general
Sherman’s destructive march across
Georgia
Appomattox Court House – town
in Virginia where Lee surrendered to Grant
Ch. 17. Section 4 – Use page 558 to define:
Walt Whitman– poet
John Wilkes Booth –
who wrote about the Civil War
Confederate supporter who assassinated Abraham Lincoln
ratify – approve
Ford’s Theatre– Washington,
D.C. theater where Lincoln was shot
Thirteenth Amendment- Constitutional
Amendment that ended slavery
Chapter 17 Section 3
Answer thoroughly in complete sentences on a separate piece of paper.
Section 1 pp. 537-541
1. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war for the Union and the Confederacy?
Since the Emancipation Proclamation only freed the slaves in the
rebelling states, not in the border states (the Confederacy) it affected the war
for the Union by now giving it a moral (honorable) cause. The Union was now
fighting for freedom for all slaves not only to just preserve the Union –
Lincoln’s original reason. This proclamation also gave the Union more soldiers
to help with the fight because the freed slaves joined the Union cause.
The Emancipation Proclamation affected the war for the Confederacy –
because the slaves joined the Union as soldiers, depriving the Confederacy of
labor on the plantations and this affected their economy negatively.
2. What were some contributions made by African American soldiers to the Union cause?
Some of the contributions made by the African American soldiers to the
Union cause were they gave the Union a new reason to fight because they
where dedicated to free all slaves including those in the border states. There
were more men to help fight, and they showed great courage on the
battlefield which helped them gain respect and prove they deserved equal
treatment from the white soldiers. Finally, the African American soldiers
weakened the Confederate economy by leaving the plantations and fighting
for the Union.
Section 2 pp. 543-547
3. What disagreements came out inside both the Union and the Confederacy during the war?
One disagreement in the Confederacy during the war was over secession. The Southern
planters in western Virginia had few plantations or slaves. In 1863, they seceded from
Virginia and joined the Union as West Virginia.
There were also disagreements in the Union. Northern Democrats, called Copperheads,
disagreed with Lincoln and wanted peace with the South. Lincoln had the protestors arrested
and suspended the writ of habeas corpus – a law that prevents the government from holding
citizens without formal charges.
In the Union and Confederacy another disagreement concerned the draft. It was very
unpopular because the rich could hire people to serve in their place, which lead to a draft riot
in New York City. In the South, those with more than 20 slaves did not have to serve in the
army.
4. Describe the economic and social changes caused by the war.
The economic changes:
o the war included food shortages, especially in the South because of
the blockade and the war.
 Inflation is an increase in the cost of goods, but a decrease in the value of
money for both sides. High prices, life was difficult for the poor,
 Income tax (tax on earnings) was passed by the federal government to pay
for the war – greenbacks printed in North to make sure people had money
to spend.
Social changes
African Americans fighting for the Union and gaining more rights as some
states repealed discrimination laws.
Women aided in the war effort by working in hospitals as nurses and
volunteers on the front. They also worked in offices and factories in the North
and on plantations in the South. Women also dressed as men to fight and served
as spies for both sides.
The South’s morale, however, began to be destroyed as the war dragged on
because of social resentment, food shortages, and inflation.
Section 3 pp. 549-555
5. Why were the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so significant?
The Battles of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania and the Siege of Vicksburg in
Mississippi were significant because both were important Union victories and
turned the tide of the war in favor of them. In Gettysburg, the battle lasted from
July 1-3, 1863 between the Union forces under General George Meade and the
Confederates under Lee. At the end, Lee again was defeated in the North. He lost
1/3 of his troops with over 28,000 casualties. Due to the losses, Lee could never
attack the U again, the C never recovered from this defeat, even though the war
lasted two more years.
The Siege of Vicksburg lasted from the end of May to July 4, 1863. This was the
last major Confederate city on the Mississippi River. Grant’s troops surrounded
the city and blocked the delivery of food and supplies. He then bombarded the
city with cannon fire and Vicksburg surrendered after 6 weeks. Controlling the
MS River, part of the Anaconda Plan, had been achieved.
6. Explain Grant’s strategy for ending the war?
Grant’s new strategy as Commander of the Union forces called for all forces to
coordinate their attacks; Forces under William Tecumseh Sherman would push
through the South by burning Atlanta and wage total war across Georgia to the
sea destroying everything.
Grant would pursue Lee’s army in Virginia and keep attacking him until he
surrendered no matter how many casualties the Union suffered. It took a year
for Grant to corner Lee and he finally surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on
April 9, 1865.
7. Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee?
Grant gave such generous terms of surrender to Lee because he knew that the
country needed to repair itself. This was one step to put it back together. The
terms were for the Confederates to lay down their arms and go home in peace
taking their private possessions and horses with them. Grant also fed them. The
Confederates had nothing left – they had lost their way of life and probably most
of their possessions – there was no point to punish them further. It was time to
heal.
Section 4 pp. 559-562
8. List the losses and gains of the war?
Losses
 620,000 died; 375,000 wounded
 huge sums of money spent
 South economically ruined – plantations and railroads destroyed; livestock
killed
 Lincoln assassinated
Gains
 The Union preserved
 Slavery ended: the 13th Amendment
9. What happened on April 14, 1865?
Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C. by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate supporter. He was
carried to the house across the street and died the next morning. Booth
escaped, but was caught and killed by troops 11 days later. Lincoln was the
first American president to be assassinated.
10. List the changes brought about by the Civil War. – refer to the chart on p. 561.
Economic Change
 Income Tax introduced
 Paper money introduced
 Industry begins to replace farming as basis of national economy
 Southern slavery-based economy destroyed
 Factory production increases
Political Change
 National government grows more powerful
 Triumph of idea U.S. is a union, not a loose confederation of states
Social Change
 Slavery is abolished
 African Americans serve in the military
 Draft is introduced
 Women become active in nursing
Changes in Warfare
 Rifle and minie ball gives advantage to defender
 New weaponry increases casualties on battlefield
 Ironclads make wooden warships obsolete