Download Grammar Cards, Ch. 1

Latin 1
Ecce Romani Grammar CARDS, page 1
A. The 8 Parts of Speech (Introduction)
Noun
Ch. 1
Pronoun
Adjective
Ch. 1/ Ch. 6
Verb
Ch. 1
Adverb
Ch. 1/Ch. 13
Preposition
Ch. 9
conjunction
interjection
article
Ch. 1
1. a word that is a person, place, thing
or idea [EXAMPLES: fireman, school,
window, peace]
2. nouns have special endings in Latin
divided into fixed patterns or
“declensions”
1. a word that replaces a person or thing
[EXAMPLES: I, you, he, she, it, we,
they, me, him, her, us, them, etc.
1. a word that describes/modifies a noun
in terms of quality or quantity
[EXAMPLES: tall, funny, new, loud,
scary, many, few, 2, 11th, several]
2. adjectives use virtually the same
Latin endings as nouns
(“declensions”), with few exceptions
1. an action word [run, swim, laugh] or
a word denoting existence or state of
being [be]
2. verbs have special endings in Latin,
divided into fixed patterns or
“conjugations”
1. a word that describes an adjective or
verb. Usually they end in –ly in
English [loudly, quickly, fast, slowly,
then, often, seldom, also, together]
2. Often used to show how or in what
manner an action is done
1. a word that usually indicates
direction or location [in, into, out of,
from, with, through, near, to, toward]
2. In English and Latin, we have
prepositional phrases [in the pool, out
of the garden]
1. connecting words [and, but, when,
after, while, although, if]
1. words that are used in exclamations to
indicate emotion [Yippee! Hurray! Alas!
Woops! Uh-oh!]
1. words like “the” (definite article) or
“a” / “an” (indefinite article)
2. Latin does NOT have articles
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Latin 1
Ecce Romani Grammar CARDS, page 2
Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Noun Grammar Info
What are the 3 ways to translate a verb in the
present tense?
1. There are 3 ways to translate the Latin
present into English:
ambulant = (1) they walk, (2) they are
walking, (3) they do walk
2. Note: in the “they are walking”
translation, it is incorrect to use
“sunt” because helping verbs are not
expressed in Latin
1. Nouns can be feminine (F), masculine
(M), or neuter (N). When learning
the vocabulary for a noun, also learn
its gender.
2. Gender should be considered for
nouns and adjectives
Example: ambulant
Ch. 1
Nouns have Gender
Ch.1/ Ch. 6
1.
The subject is the noun that performs the
action of the verb: Ryan breaks the
window. (Ryan is the subject)
2. In the “a” pattern, the singular subject
ends in –a; the plural subject ending is –
ae. (puella  puellae)
1. The verbs est and sunt are called “linking
verbs” because they link the subject with
a complement.
2. The verbs est and sunt are NOT action
verbs
Subject
(“a” system)
Ch. 2
Linking verbs:
EXAMPLE: est/sunt
Ch. 2
Complement
1. The noun or adjective linked to the
subject with est/sunt (linking verb):
a. Ryan is a Phillie. (Phillie is the noun
(used only with linking verbs)
complement)
b. The Phillies are happy. (happy is the
adjective complement))
Ch. 2
Number
Number = either Singular or PLURAL
o
o
Ch. 2
The verb ending –t
The verb ending -nt
o
# applies to nouns, adjectives & verbs
Singular = one (person)
Plural = 2 or more
o
The ending –t on a verb is SINGULAR; if
there is no other noun as subject,
translate the –t as “he”, “she” or “it”
Ch. 2 o
o
o
Puella legit. = The girl is reading.
Legit. = He/She/(It) is reading
Ch. 2 o
Puellae legunt. = The girls are reading.
Legunt. = They are reading.
o
The ending –nt on a verb is PLURAL; if
there is no other noun as subject,
translate the –nt as “they”
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Latin 1
Ecce Romani Grammar CARDS, page 3
Other noun/adjective info:
Declension
Ch. 7
Case
Subject
Ch. 2
Direct object
Ch. 4
Indirect Object
o
1. a system or pattern of noun (and
adjective) endings
2. there are 5 declensions in Latin
3. a noun belongs to one (and only one)
declension
 CASE is a category of endings for
regular uses for nouns/adjectives.
 for example, the nominative case
ending is used for the subject of a
sentence
1. The noun that performs the action of
the verb: Ryan breaks the window.
(Ryan is the subject)
2. Nominative Case endings [Singular:
-a, -us, -er, -or, -x / Plural:-ae, -ī, -ēs]
1. The noun that receives the action of
the verb: Ryan breaks the window.
(window is the direct object)
2. Accusative Case endings [-am, -um, em / -ās, -ōs, -ēs]
The indirect object is the noun, usually a
person, that receives the direct object of a
verb of giving, showing, telling or
trusting
o
Object of Motion Towards
WFBI = “with, from, by, in”
In English, translate the I.O. with “to”
and sometimes with “for”
o Note the 2 possible English translations:
Dominus pecuniam Davō donat. = (1) The
master gives the money to Davus, or (2) The
master gives Davus the money.
o Davus is the indirect object because he is
Ch. 11
the person receiving the money
1. The noun object in a prepositional
phrase after an idea of motion
towards [into the woods, through the
window, to the door, etc]
2. this object uses same endings as direct
Ch. 4
object (accusative) [-am, -um, -em / ās, -ōs, -ēs]
The noun object of the following prepostions
(“with, from, by, in” = WFBI) requires an
ablative case ending.
3
Latin 1
Ecce Romani Grammar CARDS, page 4
1.
Possession/Ownership
2.
Any noun showing ownership or
possession requires a genitive ending.
The genitive case is used for the English
“of”,“’s”, “s’”: car’s, cars’, of the car
1. When you call out to a noun, almost always
a person, and address them by name: “Hey,
Marcus, what are you doing?” Marcus, is being
addressed by name.
2. The ending for direct address (vocative case)
always equals the subject ending, except –us
subject becomes an –e, and –ius subject
becomes an –ī: Marcus  Marce; Julius Juli
Direct Address
(Vocative Case)
Ch. 4 and 8
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