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Quiz Review: The Arabian Peninsula before Islam and Muhammad’s life and story Directions: Study the filled questions AND attempt to fill in the ones that are blank. Other than studying this sheet you should also read through and review the material related to this quiz. Take a second look at the reading on the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad, the reading on Muhammad’s life, and the video clip notes on Muhammad. Pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula How was pre-Islamic society organized? What kind of government was around? Tribal/Clan society No major empire of government to control things How did the geography of the Peninsula shape how people lived? Arabia = hot, dry, few sources of water Lack of resources meant many people had to live a nomadic way of life People had to struggle to find sources of grazing land and water for their herds of animals Describe the life of the Bedouin peoples. Bedouin means “people of the desert” Nomadic people (didn’t settle in one place) Raised herds of sheep, goats, and camels Relied on the herds for survival (food, clothing, etc.) Why were camels so important to life in the Arabian Peninsula? Provided the Bedouin with all their basic needs Camel is well adapted for desert survival What kind of religion did the nomads of the Arabian Peninsula have before Islam? Animism---a religion that worshipped nature spirits and is a form of nature worship. What was the importance of the Ka’aba to PRE-ISLAMIC Arabs? PRE-ISLAMIC Arabs believed the Ka’aba was the home of their many gods They would make pilgrimages to the shrine to pray to these gods Where did most of the trade in the Peninsula take place? West coast cities Mountainous west coast known as the Hijaz Why was there constant violence in the Arabian Peninsula? Fighting for resources (water and grazing land) Wars between the Byzantine and Persian Empires effected life in Northern Arabia Tribal feuds and conflicts were almost constant Muhammad’s Life and Story Describe Muhammad’s early life. Born in 570 A.D. in Mecca Orphaned---dad died around the time he was born, mom died when he was six He was raised by his grandfather and uncle Grew up poor and had to work hard When did Muhammad say to have his first revelation from God? Where? 610 A.D. In a cave on Mount Hira outside Mecca Why was Muhammad message so popular with the poor and outcasts of Arabian society? His message/religion said that all people were equal before God Called for an end to differences between rich and poor Why did the leaders of Mecca reject Muhammad’s message? Many didn’t believe Muhammad Some were insulted by his claim that their tribal gods were false His new message threatened the business of Mecca. Why would people come on pilgrimage to Mecca if the gods were false? What is the importance of the Hijrah (622 AD)? Date of the Hijrah Hijrah = event where Muhammad fled the city of Mecca for the city of Yathrib (eventually known as Medina, city of the Prophet Marks year 1 in the Islamic calendar Seen as the beginning of the Islamic community and faith Why were Muhammad’s armies so successful? Motivated by their faith Other tribes joined Muhammad’s side when Muhammad started winning What surprising things did Muhammad do when he conquered the city of Mecca in 630 A.D.? Showed mercy to the people of Mecca…he didn’t harm them He destroyed the statues to the animist gods outside of the Ka’aba and dedicated the Ka’aba to Allah What is the importance of the Quran to Muslims? Believed to be the direct and exact words of God Muslims believe it is God’s representation on earth Written in Arabic