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US History Fort Burrows “People that are grateful {?} are always Happy. People that feel entitled {?} are always Sad.” Leon II’s advise to Leon III on how to vote Topic 0, Part 2 Strategies for Victory The Union planned an aggressive campaign; attack and move in -- OFFENSIVE The South planned to hold tight until the North lost the will to fight: protect what you already have -- DEFENSIVE Union 4-Part Plans 1. Blockade Southern ports; cut off the South’s supply of manufactured goods from Europe 2. In the East, seize Richmond, Virginia the Confederate capital; quickly capture the Confederate government 3. In the West, seize control of the Mississippi River; prevent the South from using the river to supply its troops 4. This maneuver would also separate Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy Confederate 4-Part Plans 1. Fight a strictly defensive war until the Northerners tired of fighting 2. When the war became unpopular in the North, Lincoln would stop the fighting and recognize the South’s independence 3. The Confederacy counted on aid from Europe 4. Cotton was grown in the South; European textile mills needed their cotton Europe, in need of this Southern cotton, would recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation Thus, continue to buy the South’s primary resource -- COTTON Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861, Union troops left the North’s capitol, Washington, D.C. They headed toward South’s capitol - Richmond, Virginia, 100 miles away Washingtonians, civilians from Washington, D.C., rode along with the troops to watch the battle The two armies met up near a small stream in Virginia know as Bull Run *** TEKS 8.8 B ¿¿ What was the significance of the Battle of Bull Run ? ________________________________________________ 1 of Class Notes Topic 0 Part 2 US History Fort Burrows Naval Action Union ships blockaded Southern ports delivery rate to 1 out of 10 ships; cutting supplies by 90% The Confederates took an abandoned Union warship, covered it with iron plates and named it the CSS Virginia Union cannonballs bounced harmlessly off the Virginia’s metal skin The Union countered with its own ironclad ship the USS Monitor Actual Photographs; a new technology of the day CSS Virginia 2 of Class Notes Topic 0 Part 2 US History Fort Burrows *** TEKS 8.8 B ¿¿ How did the battle between the Virginia and the Monitor change warfare at sea ? 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ 3 of Class Notes Topic 0 Part 2 US History Fort Burrows Union Victories in the West -- Lincoln’s New Hero – US Grant Union strategy for the West was to capture and control the Mississippi River General Ulysses S Grant was in charge for the Union February 1862, Grant attacked and captured Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee These Confederate forts guarded important tributaries of the Mississippi River Grant showed his toughness and determination by winning a 3rd battle, the Battle of Shiloh; one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War The Union Navy captured New Orleans and Memphis, Tennessee By capturing these two ‘port’ cities, the Union controlled both end of the Mississippi River; Ole Man River became a Yankee South could no longer use the river as a supply line 4 of Class Notes Topic 0 Part 2