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Year 11 Biology Practice Exam Questions Question One The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is: a. b. c. d. Prokaryotic cells do not contain DNA; eukaryotic cells do Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells All prokaryotic cells are photosynthetic whereas only some eukaryotic cells are. Question Two Yeast respires anaerobically; this is often referred to as fermentation. When yeast ferments the sugar in a bread mixture, the substance produced that causes the bread dough to rise is: a. b. c. d. carbon dioxide ethanol water oxygen Question Three Which statement about mitochondria is correct? a. b. c. d. they are found in prokaryotes their function is to provide the cell with energy. they are responsible for packaging substances into vesicles their function is to produce proteins Question Five In the heart: a. b. c. d. the left atrium receives blood from the left ventricle oxygenated blood from the body is returned to the heart via veins oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary arteries deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries Question Six Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion? a. b. c. d. churning of chyme in the stomach action of pepsin on protein grinding of grass with molars peristalsis Question Seven In carnivores, the canines: a. b. c. d. are used to grind meat into smaller pieces are used to pierce flesh have flat, rigid surfaces are small compared to canines in omnivores Question Eight Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that: a. b. c. d. occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells like photosynthesis, requires oxygen is important in the maintenance of body temperature in mammals like photosynthesis, occurs in animal cells Question Nine Facilitated diffusion and active transport a. b. c. d. both require ATP both carry solutes in only one direction both require the use of carrier proteins neither require ATP Question Ten Large molecules move out of a cell by a. b. c. d. exocytosis phagocytosis plasmolysis endocytosis Question Eleven Carbohydrates consist of: a. monosaccharides b. amino acids c. disaccharides d. starch Question Twelve The pancreas is responsible for: a. production of bile to assist with breakdown of fats b. peristalsis c. production of insulin to assist uptake of glucose into cells d. production of TSH to assist uptake of glucose into cells Question Thirteen Foregut fermenters: a. b. c. d. have a highly specialised caecum to assist breakdown of cellulose have vastly enlarged stomachs to assist with the breakdown of cellulose eat a diet consisting of very little plant material obtain very little carbohydrate from their herbivorous diet Question Fourteen Individual body cells obtain their nutrients by means of: a. b. c. d. respiratory system digestive system nervous system circulatory system Question Fifteen Blood vessels are classified as arteries, capillaries and veins. Which of the following is true? a. b. c. d. an artery always carries oxygenated blood a vein always carries deoxygenated blood a vein always carries blood away from the heart capillaries release oxygen and nutrients into tissues Question Sixteen Koalas only eat eucalyptus leaves. The food undergoes digestion for a long period of time in the gut. This is essential so that: a. the products of digestion can be absorbed into the bloodstream b. the cells lining the small intestine can form the enzyme cellulase to break down the cellulose in the leaves c. bacteria in the caecum are able to digest cellulose, producing products that can be absorbed across the intestine of the koala d. the koala has time to rest as they sleep for most of the day Question Seventeen Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells replicate. During mitosis: a. b. c. d. the parent cell gives rise to four identical daughter cells prophase is the last stage the single stranded chromosomes align down the middle of the cell in metaphase the sister chromatids are separated in anaphase Question Eighteen An animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. You would expect: a. b. c. d. the cell to decrease in size the cell to remain the same size the cell to increase in size and eventually burst the cell to increase in size but not burst due to the presence of a cell wall Question Nineteen The role of the Golgi apparatus is: a. b. c. d. protein synthesis transportation of substances around the cell packaging of molecules into vesicles production of ATP Total: 19 marks Short Answer Questions: Question One The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water. Would individuals who are suffering from diarrhoea absorb more or less water in their large intestine? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Describe how this may impact on the blood volume of the individual. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark Total: 3 marks Question Two The activity of the enzyme amylase breaks down starch into maltose. Is this an example of mechanical or chemical digestion? _______________________________________ 1 mark What type of carbohydrate is maltose? _______________________________________ 1 mark What are two uses for carbohydrates in the human body? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Humans must consume carbohydrates in their diets. Plants produce their own source of carbohydrates via the process of photosynthesis. Write a word equation for this process: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? _______________________________________ 1 mark In what form do plants store polysaccharides? ________________________________________ 1 mark Both plants and animals undergo cellular respiration. What is the purpose of this process? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark Total: 12 marks Question Three Celery pieces identical in mass were placed in the following solutions. 10% glucose 5% glucose 1% glucose distilled water The celery was left in these conditions for 30 minutes. Which piece of celery would have the greatest loss of mass after 30 minutes? ____________________ 1 mark Explain your reasoning for your choice: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Why were the celery pieces identical in mass? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Total: 5 marks Question Four A student has a resting heart rate of 66 beats per minute. After running to catch the bus it rises to 128 beats per minute. Provide reasons as to why the increase in heart rate occurred. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks As the student gets on the bus, they are breathing heavily. Apart from oxygen intake, suggest a reason for this student’s increased breathing rate. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Erythrocytes (red blood cells) have an important function in the transportation of oxygen to body cells. What is the substance in erythrocytes that enables them to do this? _____________________________________________ 1 mark Anaemia is a deficiency of red blood cells, which can lead to a lack of oxygen-carrying ability in individuals. Explain why a feeling of tiredness is one symptom of this disorder. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark Total: 6 marks