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Change Over Time Narayanan, Sruthi Period 3 February 3, 2009 Mr. Marshall AP World History Change Over Time: How did the Industrial Revolution between 1780 and 1914 in Great Britain and the rest of the world (U.S.A., European Nations, etc.) affect/change people and nations? COT Checklist __Thesis __3 Body Paragraphs __Introduction __Conclusion __Change Over Time __Time shown throughout __6 Sprite Categories __All time periods shown __Question answered thoroughly __Supported by appropriate historical evidence __Specific events mentioned __Analyzed change __Continuity __Long Term Effect __Connection __Did not connect to 21st century __Cause and effect shown __Bibliography __Cover page __MLA citations __6 sources __Everything flows and connects __Checklist In the years before 1780, population in Europe had already begun to rise slowly and the demand for agriculture and resources became more as well. Because of this increasing demand for agriculture and resources for the growing population, people needed new innovations to make production and business more efficient. (Bulliet, 569) Europe had started to form relationships with the Americas as well and all the trading and transatlantic commerce would eventually cause revolutions in many different countries including France, and America. (Bulliet, 543) The time when all of these revolutions and innovations would come together and work as a system is known as the Industrial Revolution. (Montagna, 1) From 1780 to 1914 the Industrial Revolution had a major impact on Britain, The United States, France and many other countries around the world because of the new technologies that increased production rate and income, such as the Cotton Gin, and as a result brought more people to different areas of the world causing social and political change that eventually revolutionized the whole world ending with products such as Imperialism, Nationalism and eventually leading to World War I. The Industrial Revolution started with the technology and innovations that were created in Europe during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that improved their first target, the cotton and textile industries. The 1780s brought new industrial changes due to the population increase and agricultural revolution that started everything. (Armstrong, 208) This technology was only needed because of supply and demand. The population grew from 5.5 million in 1688 to 9 million in 1801. (Bulliet, 569) The population growth was due to more people migrating and that also caused religions such as Christianity and Roman Catholicism to spread through Europe and other religions to move to the Americas and other countries around the world that were involved in the Industrial Revolution. This population growth also led to the mentioned demand for resources and so, for efficiency purposes, people decided that they needed new technology because of their advancing societies. The growth of the technology was both influential on the people and on the society and economy as a whole. (Spodek, 517) The technologies that people invented in order to expand production was not for the sole purpose of providing for the people in the society but, also to trade with other countries and bring income into the country’s economy. (http://library.thinkquest.org/4132/info.htm) Prior to 1780, in the 1760s people had already started to invent things to make the textile business more efficient. The spinning jenny was one of the earlier inventions that was made in order to make the process of cotton weaving go faster. (Montagna, 2) During the early Industrial Revolution the Cotton Gin was made by Eli Whitney and that made the process of processing cotton even faster. (Bulliet, 571) The technologies such as the steamship and the steam engine that were also developed in the late eighteenth century, instead of making the job of producing easier, made the transportation of good faster which led to better and more efficient trade systems in the early and mid nineteenth century. (Spodek, 525) In the early nineteenth to the late nineteenth and even early twentieth centuries these technological innovations would advance and slowly it would affect society more and more. In the early nineteenth century the cotton industry boomed and that was when it started to involve the people in European society more. The English workers were willing to work long hours and accept small wages working in factories and mines. These were the people who had originally worked on farms and when “farming” was basically gone, they went to search for jobs in the factories that had replaced them. (Andrea, 267) Since there was also high tech transportation for that day and age they were able to form trade routes with places all over Europe and bring their innovations to America as well. (Spodek, 527) In 1864 intellectual inventions like the camera were brought to places in America, and in Virginia a man named Matthew Brady was able to capture an army scene. (Spodek, 527) These inventions, as a result of trade, influenced the lives of individuals all over the world and revolutionized countries. Industrialization’s biggest social change was in regards to the family because now women, children became part of the work force. This helped to split up many families because now everybody had to work. (Armstrong, 211) As a result of people earning money and having a concern for the economy, social classes started to build as well. And, because of these social classes, the crime rate increased. A middle class emerged and aristocrats were those who were rich in industry. (http://library .thinkquest.org/4132/info.htm) Slowly into the mid and late nineteenth century more and more people started to enter into the industry business and people realized that there were people who were richer than them and everybody wanted more money. (Armstrong, 212) The economy was also doing well at the time because along with all the social change that came with the technological and intellectual innovation, trade was improving more and more. (Bulliet, 570) During the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century was when the government also started to get involved because now there needed to be someone to manage these growing economies. New social classes were formed in the peak of the Industrial Revolution and so people got the opportunity to move up the social ladder and control others, so developed the government. The government in Britain and the rest of Europe including, Germany and France, thought that the Industrialization was not such a good thing and they tried to forcefully stop reform, but they failed and learned to accept. (Spodek, 532) There were also several economic concepts developed during the Industrial Revolution in order to control the economy. (Andrea, 272) Karl Marx proclaimed his capitalism claims in 1848 which were used as a base for the continuing philosophies of socialism and communism all over the world. (Armstrong, 212) Such philosophies of how society should be run involved the politicians and how they chose to run their countries. The Industrialization mainly brought on business and made the economy something substantial for people, this was the effect of industrialization. (Spodek, 530) Following these philosophies was the period of Enlightenment. The Period Of Enlightenment occurred in both Europe and the Americas and it spurred the development of democracy. (Armstrong, 213) Slowly men were able to earn more money because the jobs became more substantial and women were able to go back to working at home and keeping their place as keeper of the house. (Armstrong, 214) The Industrial Revolution not only brought together the people within a nation but it also brought together the nations that were involved. Europe, because that was where it originated, had an enormous influence on the Americas. (Spodek, 531) For example, labor organization was spread from Europe to the Americas and it was very similar. The Industrialization brought together these nations and they learned from one another. They influenced each other and this was only one of the results of Industrialization around the world, they developed comfortable relations with each other as countries. The Industrial Revolution lasted from when population started to grow in the 1760s to the start of the First World War in 1914. (Spodek, 525) The Industrial Revolution brought together countries through trade and relations. It made nations depend on each other and it made then extremely influential making them all better nations in the long run. (Andrea, 273) Towards the end of the Industrial Revolution, each country started to have their own revolution. (Bulliet, 553) There was the French Revolution, and the American Revolution that all had something tied into the Industrial Revolution. (Bulliet, 549) The Industrial Revolution led to and ended as the First World War which resulted from the new relations of all the nations. Because of the Industrial Revolutions nations competed with each other for goods and markets, to supply their rising economies. This was how the nations strengthened as a whole and became stronger, by resisting each other. (Spodek, 552) This led to Imperialism in the nineteenth century all over the world in countries such as India, Japan, Africa and China. (Armstrong, 219) The Industrial Revolution was necessary to our world and it brought together many nations and the societies in each of those nations developed causing social, economic, political and religious change, which all ended with the World War in 1914, and the world’s nations only continued to advance from there on. Bibliography Andrea, Alfred J., and James H. Overfield. The Human Record : Sources of Global History, Volume II: Since 1500. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2004. Armstrong, Monty, David Daniel, and Abby Kanarek. Cracking the AP World History Exam 2008. Princeton: Princeton Review, 2007. Earth and It's People Advanced Placement Version Third Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2004. "81.02.06: The Industrial Revolution." Yale University. 03 Feb. 2009 <http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html>. "Industrial Revolution: Information Page." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. 03 Feb. 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/4132/info.htm>. Spodek, Howard. The World's History, Combined. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Limited, 2000.