Download Unit Four: Cardiovascular System

Unit Two: Cardiovascular System and Reducing Cardiovascular Risk
Unit Objectives:
1.
To describe the functions and structures of the
cardiovascular system
2.
To label the structures of the heart
3.
To understand and demonstrate the
circulation of blood through the heart and body
4.
To understand various health problems specific to the
cardiovascular system and factors that may predispose a
person to those problems
5.
To demonstrate how to properly assess blood pressure
using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope
6.
To examine various methods for treating acute and long-ter
cardiovascular health problems.
7.
To discuss the impact of using tobacco products on
cardiovascular health.
Assessments:
This unit will be assessed with a quiz, as well as a unit
test on Tuesday Oct. 11th.
Unit Packet:
This packet will be assessed for 4 homework grades and 2
Class work grades!
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Cardiovascular System Unit Syllabus
Day
Lesson Objectives
Assignments
9/23
Read and take notes on The Cardiovascular System Finish Reading and Noteand The Heart In The Packet
Taking (pgs.3-6)
9/26
Intro to the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart
Review Heart Anatomy
(see websites pg. 11)
Flow Map Activity/Online Review Activities
9/27
Crazy Heart Condition Article
How Does the Heart Beat?
AED’s: What are they and how do they work?
Read Section on Blood and
take notes (pg. 13)
Review Notes…STUDY
for Quiz
9/28 & 9/29 Quiz: Anatomy of the Heart
Web Activity: Cardiovascular Diseases
9/30
Web Activity: Cardiovascular Diseases Discussion
10/3
Finish Discussion of Cardiovascular Diseases
How to be more “Heart Healthy”
Film: An Inside Look at Heart Attacks
Read article and complete
Part One of Blood Pressure
Lab (pgs. 17-22)
10/4
Blood Pressure Lab
Sophomores travel to UNE & SMCC
Finish Lab (pg.23) if you
did not complete it during
class
10/5
Blood Pressure Lab
Sophomores travel to UNE & SMCC
Review Notes
10/6 & 10/7 Review Day: Complete Review Sheet/Study Time
10/10
NO SCHOOL
10/11
TEST/Turn in Unit Packet
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The Cardiovascular System
Your heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system. “Cardio” means heart, and
“vascular” means blood vessels! Your heart works as a collect and pump system. It collects blood
without oxygen from the body, sends it to the lungs to get re-oxygenated and then pumps blood with
oxygen out to the organs, tissues, and cells. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and
removes the carbon dioxide and waste products made by those cells. Blood is carried from your heart
to the rest of your body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Blood is
returned to your heart through venules and veins. If all the vessels of this network in your body were
laid end-to-end, they would extend for about 60,000 miles (more than 96,500 kilometers), which is far
enough to circle the earth more than twice! The one-way circulatory system carries blood to all parts of
your body. This process of blood flow within your body is called circulation. Arteries carry oxygenrich blood away from your heart and have thick muscular walls to withstand high amounts of pressure
when the heart contracts. Each time the heart beats arteries are pushing pints of blood out to your
tissue structures. Thus, if an artery is damaged it can result in quick blood loss. There are twenty major
arteries that make a path through your tissues, where they branch into smaller vessels called arterioles.
Arterioles further branch into capillaries, the true deliverers of oxygen and nutrients to your cells.
Capillaries have ultra thin walls and are thinner than a hair. In fact, many are so tiny, only one blood
cell can move through them at a time. Once the capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients and pick up
carbon dioxide and other waste, they move the blood back through wider vessels called venules.
Venules eventually join to form veins, which deliver the blood back to your heart to pick up oxygen.
Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart and have much thinner vessel walls since they are
under less pressure. Veins have to work against gravity in the legs to return blood to the heart, thus the
contraction of muscles aids in the process.
1. What are the functions of the heart?
2. What structures carry blood away from the heart?______________________________________
3. What structures return blood to the heart?____________________________________________
4. Arteries carry blood with_____________________________________________. Describe the structure
of an artery and purpose of that structure.
5. What are the functions and structure of a capillary?
6. Veins carry blood without ___________________________________________. Describe the structure of
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a vein and how return of blood to the heart works differently than an artery.
Put the following terms in the correct order:
______Artery
The Heart
______Capillary
______ Venule
______ Vein
______ Arteriole
The heart is a hollow muscular organ (also known as the myocardium) that weighs between 7 and 15
ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a
person's heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day,
the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons of blood through almost 60,000
miles of vessels. (enough to circle the earth more than twice)
Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of
your breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart
like a sac to help protect it. Since your heart is hollow, it contains 4 chambers. The chambers are
divided into left and right sections separated by a wall of muscle called the septum. Each chamber of
the heart has a separate and unique job. The two upper chambers are called the left and right atrium,
and the two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. The atrium are responsible for
receiving or collecting blood and the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood.
When blood enters the heart it does not have oxygen and will first go into the right atrium. It then
travels to the right ventricle. From there it will be pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Since the
lungs do not have the ability to push blood out to the body, the blood(which now has oxygen) is then
pumped back to the heart and is collected by the left atrium. Finally it will travel to the left ventricle
which is responsible for pumping blood out to the body. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest
chamber in your heart. The left ventricle's chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they
have enough force to push blood out to the body.
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In order to ensure that blood does not freely travel between the chambers of the heart AND that it
only travels in one direction there are several structures that divide them to prevent this. First the
septum (which was mentioned above) separates the right atrium and right ventricle from the left
atrium and left ventricle. Also, between each chamber is a valve. There are four valves in the heart. A
valve is a tissue that contains small leaflets that open and close in only ONE direction to allow blood
to move to the next place in the heart. (See Below).
Diagram showing the 4 valves of the heart
A close up look at a heart valve
A look at a valve when it is open versus close
Even though the heart’s job is to pump oxygenated blood out to body parts, it needs oxygen to. The
coronary arteries are small vessels that sit on the heart muscle’s surface, constantly feeding
oxygenated blood to the heart. If a coronary artery becomes blocked, a person would have a heart
attack.
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Remember, the heart beats almost 100,000 times EVERY single day. So blood is constantly traveling in
and out of the heart and lungs to collect more oxygen, drop oxygen off to body parts and start all over
again.
The heart connects to a large network
of arteries and veins to constantly
circulate oxygenated blood
throughout the body!!
Use the reading to answer the questions below and complete the vocab assignment.
1. What is another name for the heart muscle?______________________________________________
2. About how large is the average heart?
3. How many times does the heart beat each day, how much blood does it pump AND how many miles of vessels
are in the human body?
4. The heart is hollow to allow it to collect and pump blood out to the body. How many hollow chambers are in
the heart?
______________
5. The upper chambers are called:___________________________________________
6. The lower chambers are called:___________________________________________
7. Put the following in order to show how blood moves through the chambers of the heart:
______ Right Ventricle
______ Left Ventricle
_____ Right Atrium
______Left Atrium
8. What structures ensure that blood will only move through the heart in one direction?_______________
Term
Atrium
Definition
Ventricle
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Septum
Valve
Coronary
Artery
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ATRIUM OR UPPER CHAMBERS: FILL WITH BLOOD COMING IN TO HEART
VENTRICLES OR LOWER CHAMBERS: PUMP BLOOD OUT OF THE HEART
RIGHT SIDE OF HEART = HAS NO OXYGEN: THINK BLUE!
LEFT SIDE OF HEART=
HAS OXYGEN: THINK RED!
Structures of the Heart
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A. The heart is a ___________________________ about the size of your____________________.
Two Pump System with 4 Chambers
Upper Chambers are also called:__________________________ (fill with blood coming into heart)
Lower Chambers are also called:__________________________(pump blood out of heart)
Blood moves through the heart in ONE direction from chamber to chamber through:____________
3 Types of Blood Vessels are involved in Blood/Oxygen/CO2 Tranport
1. Vessels that take blood away from the heart:_______________________________
2. Vessels that bring blood to the heart:_____________________________________
3. Vessels that connect Arteries to Veins:____________________________________
1. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava:
2. Right Atrium:
3. Right Ventricle:
4. Pulmonary Artery:
5. Pulmonary Vein:
6. Left Atrium:
7. Left Ventricle:
8. Aorta:
A review of how blood moves through the parts of the heart
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The right and left sides of the heart have separate functions. The right side of the heart collects oxygen-poor
blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The left
side of the heart then collects oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body so that the cells
throughout your body have the oxygen they need to function properly.
Blood Flow
All blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins: The superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior
vena cava (IVC).
The SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body. The IVC collects blood from the lower half of the
body. Blood leaves the SVC and the IVC and enters the right atrium (RA).
When the RA contracts, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle (RV). When
the RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery (PA) and into the
lungs where it picks up oxygen.
Why does it happen this way? Because blood returning from the body is relatively poor in oxygen. It needs to
be full of oxygen before being returned to the body. So the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs first
to pick up oxygen before going to the left side of the heart where it is returned to the body full of oxygen.
Blood now returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins and goes into the left atrium
(LA). When the LA contracts, blood travels through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle (LV). The LV
is a very important chamber that pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the main
artery of the body. It receives all the blood that the heart has pumped out and distributes it to the rest of the
body. The LV has a thicker muscle than any other heart chamber because it must pump blood to the rest of the
body against much higher pressure in the general circulation (blood pressure).
Here is a recap of what we just discussed. Blood from the body flows:
to the superior and inferior vena cava,
then to the right atrium
through the tricuspid valve
to the right ventricle
through the pulmonary valve
to the pulmonary artery
to the lungs
The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:
to the pulmonary veins
to the left atrium
through the mitral valve
to the left ventricle
through the aortic valve
to the aorta
to the body
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Review of the Anatomy of the Heart:
Part One: Create a Flow Map in the space below that demonstrates your understanding of how blood
moves through the heart and lungs! You must include all terms listed below and may organize your flow
map any way you would like!
- Right Ventricle
- Right Atrium
- Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas
- Lungs
- Pulmonary Veins
- Aortic Valve
- Pulmonary Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aorta
- Tricuspid Valve
- Left Atrium
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
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More Review Activities
It is your responsibility to learn the parts of the heart and be able to demonstrate through labeling and writing
that you understand the anatomy of the heart and circulation. The activities/web sites listed below will help you
to practice your knowledge as well as provide additional reading for those who would like the information
presented in a different format!!
Go To: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_anatomy.html
(Good written review of anatomy of heart, vessels and circulation. Please read through this to reiterate
what we learned in class about circulation and the heart!
Go to: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP12504 : Shows an animation of the valves openin
and closing as well as an animation of blood moving in and out of the heart. There is a
short quiz at the end.
Go to: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=NUR1403: This is a review activity.
There are two terms you may not know, but guess until you are correct. The rest of the review you should
be able to complete.
Go to:
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/cardiovascular/cvs_heart_internal_1_s.htm: This is a diagram
of the heart, it allows you to label the heart from a list of terms. The diagram is different than the one we
labeled in class, but you should still be able to guess and do pretty well!
Go to:
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/cardiovascular/cvs_heart_order_list_1.htm: This is a list of
the parts of the heart, you need to put them in the correct order, showing your understanding of
circulation!!
A CRAZY HEART CONDITION!!!Go to: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15857266/, Read the article and
answer the questions below.
1. What medical condition refers to the heart growing outside the body?
2. What bone, that protects the heart, does not develop with this condition?_________________________
3. Why is that a problem and what impact does it have on the individual’s ability to participate in normal every
day activities?
4. If his heart was sitting outside his chest, how was blood being delivered to his body?
5. What did the mother think was happening in the womb that was finally determined to be the heart outside her unbo
son’s body?
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Understanding How The Heart Beats:
The heart is an amazing organ and has the ability to contract all on its own. If you would like, please travel
to http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/steth.htm and use the stethoscope to listen to the sound of a beating
heart.
Average Resting Heart Rate:________________
Your Resting Heart Rate:_______________
Sinoatrial Node:
Atrioventricular Node:
Based on our discussion in class today, please answer the questions below:
1. What does AED stand for?
2. What does it mean when the heart goes into “ventricular fibrillation?
3. How does the AED treat or manage ventricular fibrillation?
4. What are some issues that can result when using an AED and how are they overcome?
5. What should you ALWAYS say before providing a shock to a victim and why?
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Blood
The circulatory system and blood vessels are the route by which the cells in your body get the oxygen
and nutrients they need, but blood is the actual carrier of the oxygen and nutrients. Blood is made
mostly of plasma, which is a yellowish liquid that is 90% water. But in addition to the water, plasma
also contains salts, hormones, fats, carbohydrates (sugars), proteins, and gases.
The average man has between 10 and 12 pints of blood in his body. The average woman has between 8
and 9 pints. To give you an idea of how much blood that is, 8 pints is equal to 1 gallon (think of a
gallon of milk).
What is the function of blood?
Blood carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive
to the body’s cells. It also carries away carbon dioxide and all of the
products that the body does not need. (The kidneys filter and clean the
blood.) Blood also:
 Helps keep your body at the right temperature
 Sends antibodies to fight infection
 Contains clotting factors to help the blood to clot
tract
waste
What are the 3 main types of cells in the blood?
 Platelets, which help the blood to clot. Clotting stops the blood from flowing out of the body
when a vein or artery is broken. Platelets are also called thrombocytes.
 Red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that
is responsible for carrying the oxygen molecule. Of the 3 types of blood cells, red blood cells are
the most plentiful. In fact, a healthy adult has about 35 trillion of them. The body creates these
cells at a rate of about 2.4 million a second, and they each have a life span of about 120 days.
Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes.
 White blood cells, which ward off infection. These cells, which come in many shapes and sizes,
are vital to the immune system. When the body is fighting off infection, it makes them in everincreasing numbers. Still, compared to the number of red blood cells in the body, the number of
white blood cells is low. Most healthy adults have about 700 times as many red blood cells as
white ones. White blood cells are also called leukocytes.
1.
How many pints of blood does the average man and woman have in their body?
2.
What are the main functions of blood?
3.
Identify the main function of each cell listed below:
Platelet:
Red Blood Cell:
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White Blood Cell:
Cardiovascular System WebQuest: Heart Conditions and Treatment
Go To: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Atherosclerosis/Atherosclerosis_WhatIs.html
1. What is atherosclerosis?
2. Why can it be problematic?
3. Where can atherosclerosis happen in the body?
Click on “Causes”
4. What are 4 main reasons a person will get atherosclerosis:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Click on Heart and Vascular Diseases above the test: Click on Angina
1. What is angina?
2. What does it feel like?
3. What is angina an indication of?
Click on Heart and Vascular Diseases: Click on Heart Attack
1. What is a heart attack?
2. What condition generally causes a heart attack?_______________________________________
Fill in the paragraph below from the reading to explain how a heart attack happens:
A fatty material called _________________________, builds up on the inside wall of the
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_______________________________ arteries. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot
to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot is large enough it can mostly or completely block the
flow of _________________________ rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery.
5. Identify 5 signs/symptoms associated with a heart attack:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Click on Heart and Vascular Diseases above the text: Then Click on Arryhythmias:
1.
What is an arryhythmia?
2.
Differentiate between bradycardia and tachycardia:
Click on Heart and Vascular Diseases above the text: Then Click on Heart Murmur:
1.
What is a heart murmur?
2.What is the sound associated with a normal heartbeat? AND what part of the heart creates these sounds?
Click on Heart and Vascular Diseases, Click on Angioplasty
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Angioplasty/Angioplasty_WhatIs.html
1. What is Coronary Angioplasty and why is it done?
Click on “How is it Done”
2. What is a coronary angiography? Summarize how it is done to the patient.
‘
3. Once a doctor determines what vessels are blocked, what is then done for the angioplasty procedure:
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Create and label a visual to show a vessel that would need an angioplasty procedure:
4. What is a stent and why is it used?
5. Why are some stents coated in drugs?
Go To: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/coronary-artery-bypass-graft-cabg-surgery
1. What does CABG stand for?________________________________________________________
2. For what reason is the surgery done?
3. What are the 3 main places where a graft is taken from to use in the surgery?
a.
b.
c.
4. What are the two places that the graft is connected if a vein from the leg is used?
a.
b.
Go to: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/136568.php: Read through the article and then
provide 10 tips for being more “heart healthy.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
Name________________________________________________________
Blood Pressure Lab: Part One: Understanding Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force applied to the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood
through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped, and the size and
flexibility of the arteries.
Blood pressure is continually changing depending on activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture,
physical state, and medication use.
Hypertension is the medical term used to describe high blood pressure.
Blood pressure readings are measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and usually given as two numbers.
For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg).
The top number is your systolic pressure, the pressure created when your heart beats. It is considered high if it
is consistently over 140.
The bottom number is your diastolic pressure, the pressure inside blood vessels when the heart is at rest. It is
considered high if it is consistently over 90. Either or both of these numbers may be too high.
A normal blood pressure reading is less than 120/80.
What does high blood pressure do to your body?
High blood pressure adds to the workload of your heart and arteries. Your heart must pump harder, and the
arteries carry blood that's moving under greater pressure. If high blood pressure continues for a long time,
your heart and arteries may not work as well as they should. Other body organs may also be affected. There is
increased risk of stroke, kidney failure and heart attack. When a person has high blood pressure as well as
being obese, a smoker, or has high blood cholesterol or diabetes, the risk of heart attack or stroke increases
several times.
Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure:
Lose weight if you are overweight. Excess weight adds to strain on the heart. In some cases, weight loss may
be the only treatment needed.
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
1. Exercise regularly. If possible, exercise for 30 minutes on most days.
Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products while reducing total and saturated fat intake
Avoid smoking.
Keep your blood sugar under control. Avoid lots of sugary foods.
Do not consume more than 1 or 2 alcoholic drinks per day.
Try to manage your stress.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare
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Part One: Pulse
Pulse is a measure of the # of times your heart is beating each minute.
Factors such as age, gender, aerobic physical condition, degree of physical exertion, medications or chemical
substances being taken, blood loss and stress can influence pulse rate and volume. Normal adult resting pulse
rates range from 60 – 100 beats per minute. Conditioned athletes may have a resting pulse rate as low as 40
beats per minute. Generally this occurs because the ventricles become so strong that they can pump a lot of
oxygenated blood out to tissue structures with each contraction.
WHICH ARTERY IS USED WHEN A PULSE IS TAKEN?
There are several sites on the body where a pulse is normally taken. All arteries have a pulse, but it is easier to
palpate (feel) the pulse at certain locations. It is easier to feel the pulse when the artery is near the surface of
the skin and when there is firm tissue (such as a bone) beneath the artery. The two most common sites are the
radial(wrist) and carotid (throat).
a. Radial. The radial pulse (the pulse taken using the radial artery) is taken at a point where the radial artery
crosses the bones of the wrist. If the patient's hand is turned so that the palm is up, the radial pulse is taken on
the thumb side of top side of the wrist.
b. Carotid. The carotid pulse is taken on either side of the trachea (windpipe). The best location is the
grooves located to the right and to the left of the larynx (Adam's apple).
Taking A Pulse:
Locate Pulse. Put the tips of your index finger and middle finger together and feel for the pulse by pressing
down moderately with you fingertips on the site. If you cannot feel a pulse, move your fingertips around the
area until you locate the pulse. Do not use your thumb to search for the patient's pulse. The thumb contains a
blood vessel that is large enough for a pulse to be felt. If you use your thumb, the pulse that
you find may be your own thumb pulse, not the patient's pulse.
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Part Two: HOW DO I TAKE A PATIENT'S BLOOD PRESSURE?
(1) The blood pressure is normally taken using the patient's upper arm. The patient can stand, sit, or lie down.
Normally, the patient will sit with his arm resting on a table .
(2) The patient may need to remove a long sleeve shirt or sweater. The bladder must be placed over the
patient's flesh, not his clothing. This extra tightening could cause the blood pressure to be inaccurate.
(3). Prepare Cuff. Make sure that the bladder of the cuff is completely deflated. If air is present in the
bladder, open the release valve, force the air out of the bladder, and close the valve.
(4) Put the cuff around the patient’s arm. The bottom edge of the cuff should be one to two inches above the
elbow and it should be snug.
(5)
Place the end of the stethoscope under the cuff just above the space of the elbow.
(6)
Tighten Screw. Make sure that the valve is completely closed so that the air cannot escape.
(7) Inflate the Cuff. Inflate the cuff by squeezing and releasing the hand bulb. Fill the cuff to the desired
pressure of 180 mm Hg.
(8) Releasing Air from the Blood Pressure Cuff. Watch the gauge closely and listen through the stethoscope
as you release air from the bladder. To release air from the cuff you need to rotate the release valve (screw)
counterclockwise. You want to carefully turn it in a clockwise direction so air will leave the cuff slowly. The
more the screw is turned, the larger the opening and the faster the air escapes. You want the air to escape
slowly enough so that you can tell at what pressure reading the pulse reappears, but fast enough that the
continued pressure on the arm does not harm the patient or cause unnecessary discomfort.
(9) Listen for Pulse. As you are deflating the cuff, the point at which you hear the pulse beat return is the
patient's systolic pressure. Note the reading on the gauge when you hear the first distinct sound of a pulse
beat. Normally, you will remember the patient's systolic reading and not write it down until you have the
determined his diastolic reading also.
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(11) Continue to Release Pressure. After you identify the patient's systolic pressure, continue to listen to the
pulse and watch the gauge as the air continues to escape from the valve. The air should be escaping at a rate
that does not require you to adjust the airflow (turn the screw).
(12) Listen for Last Distinct Sound. As long as the air pressure in the bladder is greater than the diastolic
pressure, the artery will collapse after each pulse beat. This makes the pulse have a distinct sound. Once the
air pressure in the bladder is less than the diastolic pressure of the blood, the artery will remain open at all
times. This means that you will be hearing the sound of continuous blood flow in addition to the blood
surge caused by the pulse. The pulse will sound muffled and not distinct. The point at which the distinct pulse
sound goes away is the diastolic pressure. Note the reading on the gauge at this point.
(13) Release Air. Once you have determined the patient's blood pressure, rotate the screw counterclockwise
until the valve is opened as far as possible. This will allow the bladder to deflate rapidly.
Questions:
1. What is the definition of blood pressure?
2. Indicate 4 factors that naturally change blood pressure:
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. The top # of a blood pressure reading is called the:____________________________ pressure.
Define systolic:
It is considered high if it is consistently over_______________.
4. The bottom # of a blood pressure reading is called the :___________________________ pressure.
Define diastolic:
It is considered high if it is consistently over _______________.
5. A normal blood pressure reading is less than:_______________________________________
6. What other factors/behaviors make the likelihood of problems associated with high blood pressure even
more significant?
7. Do you think you are heart healthy? (Please indicate aspects of your life that may be keeping your heart
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healthy and aspects that may be hurting it) List at least 4 total factors. Think about the 10 things for being
heart healthy that you listed in your packet on pg. 16.
Goods:
Bads:
8. What do you think is the MAIN reason a person’s blood pressure can be high even if they are very
healthy?
9. What is the definition of a pulse?
10. What is a normal adult resting pulse?_____________________________________
11. Conditioned athletes could have a pulse as low as:__________________________
12. Is a pulse measured from an artery or a vein?___________________________________________
13. Where are the pulses below located:
Radial:
Carotid:
14. Why shouldn’t you use your thumb to measure a patient’s pulse?
15. What is the normal position for the patient to be in when measuring blood pressure?
16. What is the first step for preparing the cuff?
17. Where should the bottom edge of the cuff be positioned when measuring blood pressure?
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18. Where should you place the stethoscope?
19. Before you begin squeezing the bulb to inflate the cuff what must you make sure of?
20. Describe how air should be released from the blood pressure cuff?
21. Identify how to determine the systolic and diastolic #’s of a person’s blood pressure.
22. What should you do once you have determined the blood pressure #’s?
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Measuring Pulse and Blood Pressure Lab
Pulse: A measure of the # of times your heart beats each minute (Hold for 30 seconds x 2 = beat/min.)
Record your patient’s pulse at either the carotid (neck) or radial (wrist) arteries. Also record the
pulse THEY measure for you.
Normal: 60 - 80 beats per minute
Your Patient’s Pulse Trial #1______________________ Trial #2:_________________________
Your Pulse: Trial #1______________________________ Trial #2:________________________
Evaluate your patient’s pulse reading. Is the reading within a normal range?
Use the stethoscope to listen to your patient’s heart sounds, while listening make an observation about
the sound and record below. If your patient does NOT want you to listen to their heart, indicate it
below.
Blood Pressure: A measure of the force applied to the artery walls when the heart contracts.
Measure your patient’s blood pressure using the digital or manual cuff. Record the reading below, also
record the blood pressure reading they measure for you.
Normal: 90/60 - 120/80
Patients Blood Pressure Trial #1:_______________ Trial #2 _______________
Your Blood Pressure Trial #1:__________________ Trial #2:___________________
Evaluate your patient’s blood pressure reading. Is the reading within a normal range?
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Follow-up Questions:
PULSE:
If your patient had a resting pulse of 45, what do you think that would be indicative of?
BLOOD PRESSURE: What reading would be indicative of high blood pressure?________________
What is the medical term for high blood pressure?__________________________________________
If your patient had a high resting pulse rate and high blood pressure, what changes would you indicate that
they make to their life? (think heart healthy habits
a.
c.
b.
d.
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