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Transcript
Rosshall Academy Rosshall Academy S1 Pupil Workbook Unit 1 Name _______________ Rosshall Academy o A cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are made from cells. o Some living things are made from only one cell and humans are made of trillions of cells. o We all started from just one cell – can you believe it?? How was this first cell made? How did that cell change into a whole human being? o We will find out about what makes a cell, how the reproductive cells are made, and how that single cell becomes a baby. Cells and Microscopes The Nucleus Puberty Reproductive Systems Fertilisation and Pregnancy Assignment 1 Pages 4-7 Pages 8-10 Pages 11-12 Pages 13-14 Pages 15-19 Page 19 Rosshall Academy Listed in the boxes below are the outcomes and experiences which you will cover in this topic. After completing the topic look over all your work in your folio and your booklet then honestly decide if you fully understand each outcome and could confidently carry out any tasks described. Tick one of the 3 boxes e.g. RED, ORANGE, GREEN. If you chose G then explain how you know this. For any which you did not tick the secure box, explain what you are going to do to develop your understanding. This will be useful to look back at before and tests. Outcomes and experiences R O G How do I know I can do this or can you do to improve your learning in this outcome? I can identify the main parts of plant and animal cells and explain their function. I can demonstrate the ability to use a microscope. I can prepare a wet mounted cell slide. I can identify some specialised cells. I can identify that the nucleus contains chromosomes and that they are made from DNA. I know how to and can extract DNA from a kiwi fruit. I can explain the 2 Rosshall Academy risks and benefits of DNA profiling and can have my own opinion of it. I am familiar with the general structure and function of the reproductive organs in mammals. I can list the main events of puberty in males and females. I can describe the process of fertilisation. I can describe the process of embryonic development. I can outline possible risks to the developing embryo. How do you feel overall about your learning in this topic? What are your next steps? 3 Rosshall Academy After carrying out your cluster activity try to Label the diagram of an animal cell After carrying out your cluster activity try to Label the diagram of a plant cell THINK?? What Structures do these cells have in common with each other? Why do you think plant cells need additional structures? There are many different types of animal cells. Most animal cells have three main structures. 4 Rosshall Academy Part of Cell Function There are many different types of plant cells. Most plant cells have six main structures. Part of Cell Function 5 Rosshall Academy Microscopes are used to look at cells. Cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye. There are two lenses in a microscope. The __________ lens and the ____________ lens. Multiplying together the power of the two lenses gives you the total magnification power of the microscope (e.g. x100 magnification means the cell appears 100 times bigger than it is). Draw what you see when you look at animal and plant cells down the microscope. My Cheek Cells My Onion Cells Peer assessment of my slides by: _______________________ What I liked __________________________________________________ What could be better __________________________________________________ Microscope magnification Power setting Magnifying power of eyepiece lens Magnifying power of objective lens Low x10 x4 Medium x___ x10 High x___ x40 6 Total magnification of microscope Rosshall Academy Our bodies contain many different types of cells. One of our red blood cells can’t do the same job as one of our nerve cells. Many cells are specially adapted to the job that they carry out. Use the information below and the microscopes and slides your teacher will give you to complete the table. INFORMATION Our blood contains several different types of cells, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cell’s job is to collect oxygen in the lungs and carry it to all the other cells in the body, from our brain to our leg muscle. Red blood cells are very, very tiny to let them squeeze through small blood vessels to get to every part of our body and deliver the oxygen. In our brain are millions of nerve cells. Although many of them stay in our brain other nerve cells have to stretch out of the brain and connect to other nerve cells. Their job is to carry nerve impulses to wherever they are needed. For example if you want to kick a football your brain needs to send an impulse along a nerve cell to the muscle in your leg that can do that. Type of Cell Job of the Cell How the cell is adapted to it’s job Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Find out about another type of cell in a plant or animal or human and how it is adapted to do its job. Your teacher may ask you to present this to the class. 7 Rosshall Academy The nucleus of a cell has an important job to do. We know it controls the activities of a cell but how does it do that? It comes down to the chemical inside the nucleus. The nucleus is a ball of dense genetic material arranged in strands called chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of units called genes. The chemical that the chromosomes (and genes) are made up of is called DNA. What do you know about these scientific terms? Brainstorm in a small group and come up with statements about chromosomes, genes and DNA. Agree your statements and write them in the space below 1. CHROMOSOMES 2. GENES 3. DNA Discuss the statements with your class 8 Rosshall Academy In this experiment you will extract DNA from a kiwi fruit. Follow your teacher’s instructions carefully. RESULT CONCLUSION Explain why a sperm cell and egg cell have a nucleus that contains only half of the number of chromosomes Find out why you have two copies of each gene. Use this fact to explain why some people might think you look like your biological mother while other people will think you look like your biological father. 9 Rosshall Academy Unless you are an identical twin there Is a 1 in 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 (a Quintillion) chance that you would have the same genetic fingerprint as the person sitting next to you. Although most of our DNA is the same we have sections of meaningless ‘junk’ DNA in-between the genes. Enzymes can be used as ‘chemical scissors’ to chop this DNA into sections. The size and weight of these sections then let us generate a picture by running the DNA through a gel using electricity. As we inherit our chromosomes from our parents each black block in the picture must have been passed on from either our mother or our father. Making a genetic fingerprint is called DNA profiling. This is how a paternity test works. In your group, work round the four stations and see if you can solve the problems. Write your conclusions below. Coronation Street The Jeremy Kyle Show – Border Patrol – CSI: Glasgow - 10 Rosshall Academy Think about what you know about puberty. In groups come up with a list of some physical and emotional changes that happen in males and females. Males Physical Emotional Females Physical Emotional 11 Rosshall Academy In groups discuss what skills as a group you already know and what you want to know and what you have already learned about reproduction. What do you already know? What do you want to know? 12 What have you learned? Rosshall Academy Male Reproductive System Describe the job of each part of the male reproductive system. 13 Rosshall Academy Female Reproductive System Describe the job of each part of the female reproductive system. 14 Rosshall Academy The steps of fertilisation are: 15 Rosshall Academy Work on the carousel activity. When you have completed it answer the questions below. What exactly is fertilisation? What is the end result of fertilisation? What is needed for fertilisation? How does a woman know she is pregnant? How long is pregnancy in humans? How does an unborn baby get its food? What is the correct word for an unborn baby? What surrounds an unborn baby inside the mother? Why do you have a belly button? 16 Rosshall Academy What is the afterbirth? Why does the unborn baby not drown or suffocate inside its mother? How does the foetus get rid of its waste? How does the foetus get out its mother? What would happen to the foetus if the mother drank alcohol or took drugs? Where does the baby gets it’s genes from? Try to find out about one reason why fertilisation might not happen. You may also wish to think about, IVF, Test tube babies, surrogates, sperm/egg donations. Your teacher may ask you to present your findings to the class. 17 Rosshall Academy From information you have learned describe the main stages of embryonic development from fertilisation Work in a pair, then a four to come up with your answer. After Fertilisation Implantation Supply of Essential Chemicals/Removal of Wastes Protection of Embryo Birth 18 Rosshall Academy Project Prevention is a scheme in the USA that pays female and male drug addicts or alcoholics to be either sterilised or to commit to longterm contraception. Today 1,226 women in America have taken money to be sterilised What do you think? Imagine you have unlocked the part of your brain that remembers being in the uterus. What does it look like? What can you hear? Your task is to write an imaginative essay, starting with your creation as a single cell and describing your journey to becoming a little baby held for the first time by your family. You should include descriptions of your surroundings and experiences, factual information about your development, pictures or drawings to tell your story. You may wish to gather information from family members to help you or you can imagine a different birth story for yourself. Your final assignment can be submitted in the form of an essay with pictures or as a comic strip. Other ideas should be discussed with your teacher. Your teacher will agree on success criteria. You will be marked on presentation, content, literacy and will be expected to list your sources in a bibliography. You will be asked to complete a self evaluation. 19