Download Cells and Reproduction

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Rosshall Academy S1
Pupil Workbook Unit 1
Name _______________
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o A cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are
made from cells.
o Some living things are made from only one cell and
humans are made of trillions of cells.
o We all started from just one cell – can you believe
it?? How was this first cell made? How did that
cell change into a whole human being?
o We will find out about what makes a cell, how the
reproductive cells are made, and how that single
cell becomes a baby.
Cells and Microscopes
The Nucleus
Puberty
Reproductive Systems
Fertilisation and Pregnancy
Assignment
1
Pages 4-7
Pages 8-10
Pages 11-12
Pages 13-14
Pages 15-19
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Listed in the boxes below are the outcomes and experiences which you
will cover in this topic. After completing the topic look over all your
work in your folio and your booklet then honestly decide if you fully
understand each outcome and could confidently carry out any tasks
described.
Tick one of the 3 boxes e.g. RED, ORANGE, GREEN.
If you chose G then explain how you know this. For any which you did
not tick the secure box, explain what you are going to do to develop
your understanding. This will be useful to look back at before and
tests.
Outcomes and
experiences
R O G How do I know I can do this or can
you do to improve your learning in
this outcome?
I can identify the
main parts of plant
and animal cells and
explain their function.
I can demonstrate
the ability to use a
microscope.
I can prepare a wet
mounted cell slide.
I can identify some
specialised cells.
I can identify that
the nucleus contains
chromosomes and
that they are made
from DNA.
I know how to and can
extract DNA from a
kiwi fruit.
I can explain the
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risks and benefits of
DNA profiling and can
have my own opinion
of it.
I am familiar with the
general structure and
function of the
reproductive organs
in mammals.
I can list the main
events of puberty in
males and females.
I can describe the
process of
fertilisation.
I can describe the
process of embryonic
development.
I can outline possible
risks to the
developing embryo.
How do you feel overall about your learning in this topic?
What are your next steps?
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After carrying out your cluster activity try to Label the diagram of an
animal cell
After carrying out your cluster activity try to Label the diagram of a
plant cell
THINK??
What Structures do these cells have in common with each other?
Why do you think plant cells need additional structures?
There are many different types of animal cells. Most animal cells have
three main structures.
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Part of Cell
Function
There are many different types of plant cells. Most plant cells have
six main structures.
Part of Cell
Function
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Microscopes are used to look at cells. Cells are too
small to be seen with the naked eye.
There are two lenses in a microscope.
The
__________ lens and the ____________ lens.
Multiplying together the power of the two lenses
gives you the total magnification power of the
microscope (e.g. x100 magnification means the cell
appears 100 times bigger than it is).
Draw what you see when you look at animal and
plant cells down the microscope.
My Cheek Cells
My Onion Cells
Peer assessment of my slides by: _______________________
What I liked
__________________________________________________
What could be better
__________________________________________________
Microscope magnification
Power setting
Magnifying
power of
eyepiece lens
Magnifying
power of
objective lens
Low
x10
x4
Medium
x___
x10
High
x___
x40
6
Total
magnification of
microscope
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Our bodies contain many different types of cells. One of our red
blood cells can’t do the same job as one of our nerve cells. Many cells
are specially adapted to the job that they carry out.
Use the information below and the microscopes and slides your
teacher will give you to complete the table.
INFORMATION
Our blood contains several different types of cells, red blood cells,
white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cell’s job is to collect
oxygen in the lungs and carry it to all the other cells in the body, from
our brain to our leg muscle. Red blood cells are very, very tiny to let
them squeeze through small blood vessels to get to every part of our
body and deliver the oxygen. In our brain are millions of nerve cells.
Although many of them stay in our brain other nerve cells have to
stretch out of the brain and connect to other nerve cells. Their job is
to carry nerve impulses to wherever they are needed. For example if
you want to kick a football your brain needs to send an impulse along a
nerve cell to the muscle in your leg that can do that.
Type of Cell
Job of the Cell
How the cell is
adapted to it’s job
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Find out about another type of cell in a plant or animal or
human and how it is adapted to do its job. Your teacher may
ask you to present this to the class.
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The nucleus of a cell has an important job to do. We know it controls
the activities of a cell but how does it do that? It comes down to the
chemical inside the nucleus.
The nucleus is a ball of dense genetic material arranged in strands
called chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of units called genes.
The chemical that the chromosomes (and genes) are made up of is
called DNA.
What do you know about these scientific terms?
Brainstorm in a small group and come up with statements about
chromosomes, genes and DNA.
Agree your statements and write them in the space below
1. CHROMOSOMES
2. GENES
3. DNA
Discuss the statements with your class
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In this experiment you will extract DNA from a kiwi fruit.
Follow your teacher’s instructions carefully.
RESULT
CONCLUSION
Explain why a sperm cell and egg cell have a nucleus that contains only
half of the number of chromosomes
Find out why you have two copies of each gene. Use
this fact to explain why some people might think
you look like your biological mother while other
people will think you look like your biological father.
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Unless you are an identical twin there
Is a 1 in 1 000 000 000 000 000 000
(a Quintillion) chance that you would
have the same genetic fingerprint as
the person sitting next to you.
Although most of our DNA is the same
we have sections of meaningless ‘junk’
DNA in-between the genes.
Enzymes can be used as ‘chemical scissors’ to chop this DNA into
sections. The size and weight of these sections then let us generate a
picture by running the DNA through a gel using electricity.
As we inherit our chromosomes from our parents each black block in
the picture must have been passed on from either our mother or our
father. Making a genetic fingerprint is called DNA profiling.
This is how a paternity test works.
In your group, work round the four stations and see if you can solve
the problems. Write your conclusions below.
Coronation Street The Jeremy Kyle Show –
Border Patrol –
CSI: Glasgow -
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Think about what you know about puberty.
In groups come up with a list of some physical and emotional changes
that happen in males and females.
Males
Physical
Emotional
Females
Physical
Emotional
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In groups discuss what skills as a group you already know and what you
want to know and what you have already learned about reproduction.
What do you
already know?
What do you want
to know?
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What have you
learned?
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Male Reproductive System
Describe the job of each part of the male reproductive system.
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Female Reproductive System
Describe the job of each part of the female reproductive system.
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The steps of fertilisation are:
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Work on the carousel activity. When you have completed it answer
the questions below.
What exactly is fertilisation?
What is the end result of fertilisation?
What is needed for fertilisation?
How does a woman know she is pregnant?
How long is pregnancy in humans?
How does an unborn baby get its food?
What is the correct word for an unborn baby?
What surrounds an unborn baby inside the mother?
Why do you have a belly button?
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What is the afterbirth?
Why does the unborn baby not drown or suffocate inside its mother?
How does the foetus get rid of its waste?
How does the foetus get out its mother?
What would happen to the foetus if the mother drank alcohol or took
drugs?
Where does the baby gets it’s genes from?
Try to find out about one reason why fertilisation might not happen.
You may also wish to think about, IVF, Test tube babies, surrogates,
sperm/egg donations. Your teacher may ask you to present your
findings to the class.
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From information you have learned describe the main stages of
embryonic development from fertilisation
Work in a pair, then a four to come up with your answer.
After Fertilisation
Implantation
Supply of Essential Chemicals/Removal of Wastes
Protection of Embryo
Birth
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Project Prevention is a scheme in the USA that pays female and male
drug addicts or alcoholics to be either sterilised or to commit to longterm contraception.
Today 1,226 women in America have taken money to be sterilised
What do you think?
Imagine you have unlocked the part of your brain that remembers
being in the uterus. What does it look like? What can you hear?
Your task is to write an imaginative essay, starting with your creation
as a single cell and describing your journey to becoming a little baby
held for the first time by your family.
You should include descriptions of your surroundings and experiences,
factual information about your development, pictures or drawings to
tell your story. You may wish to gather information from family
members to help you or you can imagine a different birth story for
yourself.
Your final assignment can be submitted in the form of an essay with
pictures or as a comic strip. Other ideas should be discussed with
your teacher. Your teacher will agree on success criteria.
You will be marked on presentation, content, literacy and will be
expected to list your sources in a bibliography. You will be asked to
complete a self evaluation.
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