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Chapter 10
Section 1
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Popular Sovereignty – Before the Civil War, the idea
that people living in a territory had the right to decide by
voting if slavery would be allowed there
2. Secession – Withdrawal from the union
Identify
1. Wilmot Proviso – Amendment that proposed that in
any territory the U.S. gained from Mexico – there would be
no slavery or involuntary servitude
2. Lewis Cass – Senator of Michigan came up with the
idea of popular sovereignty
3. Conscience Whigs – Northern Whig that opposed
slavery
4. Cotton Whig – Northern Whig that supported slavery
5. Free Soil Party – Political Party which opposed slavery
in free soil of western territories
6 Forty Niners – people that arrived in California to look
for gold in 1849
Chapter 10
Sectional Conflict Intensifies
1848-1860
Section 1 – Slavery and Western Expansion
Objectives –
 Explain how the government dealt with slavery in
the territories
 List the major features of the Compromise of 1850
Section 1 Notes
The Impact with the War with Mexico
The Mexican War opened lots of land to settlers
Big question ---- Should slavery be allowed in the new
territories?
Southerners demanded new laws to help retrieve escaped
slaves
The Wilmot Proviso
No slavery or involuntary servitude in territories acquired
from Mexican War --Outraged Southerners
Passed in the House of Representatives / Senate refused to
vote on the amendment ---page 321
The issue of slavery expansion one reason the country
divided.
The Search for Compromise
Zachary Taylor elected president in 1848.
The main issue was slavery
California wanted to join the union as a free state – that
meant there would be more free than slave states --- South
opposed California because of the fear of losing power --States start talking about secession
The Great Debate
Henry Clay of Kentucky (The Great Compromiser) came
up with different idea that triggered a massive debate
between John Calhoun and Daniel Webster
Z. Taylor died / M. Fillmore became president
Compromise of 1850 temporarily eased tension over
slavery
Chapter 10
Section 2
Vocabulary
Definitions
1.) Underground Railroad – A system that helped
enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape
routes out of the south to freedom in the north
2.) Transcontinental Railroad – Railway system
extending across the continent
Identify
1.) Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Written by Harriet Beecher
Stowe about an enslaved African American and his master
Changed the way people viewed slavery
Southerners tried to have it banned
Stowe was accused of writing false things about slavery
Book sold millions of copies / had great effect on public
opinion
Historians say it was one of the causes of the war
2.) Harriet Tubman — a runaway slave and famous
conductor of the Underground Railroad
3.) Gadsden Purchase – U.S. purchased Southern Arizona
and New Mexico from Mexico for 10 million
4.) Charles Sumner – Senator from Massachusetts;
abolitionists who made a speech concerning Kansas being
forced into union as a slave state – he was beat with a cane
by Preston Brooks
5.) Fugitive Slave Act and Kansas Nebraska Act –
(See Notes)
Section 2
Mounting Violence
Objectives:
 Evaluate how both the Fugitive Slave Act and the
transcontinental railroad heightened sectional
tensions
 Summarize the effects of the Kansas Nebraska Act
Fugitive Slave Act
Created hostility toward slavery among Northerners who
did not really care about slavery
 If a slaveholder claimed that an African American had
escaped slavery slaveholder could take slave into
custody
 The African American was brought before a federal
commissioner
 The accused African American was sent to the south
 African Americans had no right to trial / not allowed
to testify in court
 Federal Commission would receive $10 if the decision
favored the slave holder --- they received $5 if
decision went to the African American
 African Americans were being done wrong
 This issue caused major northern resistance
Kansas Nebraska Act
 Stephen Douglas wanted to open the Great Plains to
settlement
 1st proposal was that any state organized would use
popular sov. to settle the slavery issue
 2nd proposal was to undo the Missouri Compromise
and allow slavery organized states
 The Kansas – Nebraska Act divided the area into 2
states Kansas / Nebraska
 Northerners upset
 Congress passed the Act
 1855 – 1,000’s of armed Missourians came to Kansas
and voted illegally to help the state be a slave state
 Some angry anti-slavery settlers in Kansas decided to
write their own constitution
1856 – Civil War in Kansas over issue of slavery -- known
as Bleeding Kansas
Chapter 10
Section 3
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Referendum – Practice of letting voters accept or reject
measures proposed by legislature
2. Insurrection – An act of rebellion against the
established government
Identify
1. Republican Party – Coalition of political parties AntiNebraska Party, Fusion Party, People’s Party and the
Independence Party
2. Know- Nothings – Political party also called the
American party; they were anti Catholic and opposed
immigration
3. Dred Scott - (See notes)
4. LeCompton Constitution – Constitution drafted in
LeCompton Kansas that legalized slavery in the territory
5. Freeport Doctrine – answer by Stephen Douglas in
debates with Lincoln concerning statehood and slavery
Section 3
The Crisis Deepens
Objectives:
 Analyze the events that increased sectional tensions
in the late 1850’s
 Describe the Lincoln-Douglas Senate Campaign of
1858
1856 – James Buchanan became president
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri / his master took him to
live in a free territory / then took him back to Missouri
Scott sued for freedom / his argument was that the time he
spent in the free territory meant he should be free
Case made it to the Supreme Court
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney was the judge
He ruled against Scott – Taney stated African Americans
were not citizens
and could not sue
Supreme Court also ruled that the federal government could
not prohibit slavery
Dred Scott decision intensified the slavery issue
Southerners demanded the North obey the decision or they
would leave the union
Lincoln and Douglas
Lincoln was an Illinois Republican small town man, not an
abolitionist, he thought that slavery was morally wrong and
opposed it being spread to the territories
nick-name the Great Debater
Douglas was a Democrat from Illinois, a northern leader,
possible future president, supported popular sovereignty,
nick-name the Little Giant
Famous debates between them included the topics of
slavery, statehood and Dred Scott
Douglas won the election for the Senate
Lincoln impressed the Republican Party
More tension between slaveholders and free states when
John Brown started a rebellion
Chapter 10
Section 4
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Confederacy – nation declared to have been formed by
southern states that left the union in 1860-1861
2. Martial law – law administered by military forces that is
invoked by a government in an emergency
Identify
1. John C. Breckinridge – Southern Democrat, supported
Dred Scott decision
2. John Bell – Presidential candidate for the Constitutional
party from Tennessee, tried to uphold the constitution and
the union
3. Crittenden’s Compromise – amendment by John
Crittenden – it guaranteed slavery where it already existed,
it would re-instate the Missouri Compromise
4. Jefferson Davis – Former senator of Mississippi, he
became the president of the Confederacy
Chapter 10
Section 4
The Union Dissolves
Objectives:
 Describe the various attempts to find a compromise
between the demands of the North and the South
 Explain how and why the Civil war began
Southerners upset:
about the John Brown raid
the idea that the North might arm slaves
the fact that North was encouraging slaves to rebel
1860 – debate over slavery split the Democratic Party /
Lincoln won the presidential election
South Carolina 1st state to leave the union
Feb. 1861 – 6 more state left the Union – Miss., Al., Fl.,
Ga., La., and Texas
These states met and declared themselves a new nation –
The Confederate States of America also called The
Confederacy
drafted a constitution, Jefferson Davis was elected
president
Fort Sumter
Lincoln wanted to resupply the fort
South took over Fort Sumter before the supplies arrived
First Shots were fired / no one was killed / Fort was
destroyed
The North surrendered and the Civil War was underway
Immediately after Fort Sumter incident Virginia, Ark.,
North Carolina, and Tennessee left the Union
South chose Richmond, Virginia as their capital
Lincoln asked 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Army for
90 days
Causes of Civil War
Disagreement over the legality, morality and politics of
slavery
Kansas Nebraska Act sparked violence in Kansas
Dred Scott ruling
John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry
Southern states seceded from the Union
Confederates attack on Fort Sumter in S.C