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Transcript
Chapter 10 Section 1 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Popular Sovereignty – Before the Civil War, the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there 2. Secession – Withdrawal from the union Identify 1. Wilmot Proviso – Amendment that proposed that in any territory the U.S. gained from Mexico – there would be no slavery or involuntary servitude 2. Lewis Cass – Senator of Michigan came up with the idea of popular sovereignty 3. Conscience Whigs – Northern Whig that opposed slavery 4. Cotton Whig – Northern Whig that supported slavery 5. Free Soil Party – Political Party which opposed slavery in free soil of western territories 6 Forty Niners – people that arrived in California to look for gold in 1849 Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848-1860 Section 1 – Slavery and Western Expansion Objectives – Explain how the government dealt with slavery in the territories List the major features of the Compromise of 1850 Section 1 Notes The Impact with the War with Mexico The Mexican War opened lots of land to settlers Big question ---- Should slavery be allowed in the new territories? Southerners demanded new laws to help retrieve escaped slaves The Wilmot Proviso No slavery or involuntary servitude in territories acquired from Mexican War --Outraged Southerners Passed in the House of Representatives / Senate refused to vote on the amendment ---page 321 The issue of slavery expansion one reason the country divided. The Search for Compromise Zachary Taylor elected president in 1848. The main issue was slavery California wanted to join the union as a free state – that meant there would be more free than slave states --- South opposed California because of the fear of losing power --States start talking about secession The Great Debate Henry Clay of Kentucky (The Great Compromiser) came up with different idea that triggered a massive debate between John Calhoun and Daniel Webster Z. Taylor died / M. Fillmore became president Compromise of 1850 temporarily eased tension over slavery Chapter 10 Section 2 Vocabulary Definitions 1.) Underground Railroad – A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the south to freedom in the north 2.) Transcontinental Railroad – Railway system extending across the continent Identify 1.) Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about an enslaved African American and his master Changed the way people viewed slavery Southerners tried to have it banned Stowe was accused of writing false things about slavery Book sold millions of copies / had great effect on public opinion Historians say it was one of the causes of the war 2.) Harriet Tubman — a runaway slave and famous conductor of the Underground Railroad 3.) Gadsden Purchase – U.S. purchased Southern Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico for 10 million 4.) Charles Sumner – Senator from Massachusetts; abolitionists who made a speech concerning Kansas being forced into union as a slave state – he was beat with a cane by Preston Brooks 5.) Fugitive Slave Act and Kansas Nebraska Act – (See Notes) Section 2 Mounting Violence Objectives: Evaluate how both the Fugitive Slave Act and the transcontinental railroad heightened sectional tensions Summarize the effects of the Kansas Nebraska Act Fugitive Slave Act Created hostility toward slavery among Northerners who did not really care about slavery If a slaveholder claimed that an African American had escaped slavery slaveholder could take slave into custody The African American was brought before a federal commissioner The accused African American was sent to the south African Americans had no right to trial / not allowed to testify in court Federal Commission would receive $10 if the decision favored the slave holder --- they received $5 if decision went to the African American African Americans were being done wrong This issue caused major northern resistance Kansas Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas wanted to open the Great Plains to settlement 1st proposal was that any state organized would use popular sov. to settle the slavery issue 2nd proposal was to undo the Missouri Compromise and allow slavery organized states The Kansas – Nebraska Act divided the area into 2 states Kansas / Nebraska Northerners upset Congress passed the Act 1855 – 1,000’s of armed Missourians came to Kansas and voted illegally to help the state be a slave state Some angry anti-slavery settlers in Kansas decided to write their own constitution 1856 – Civil War in Kansas over issue of slavery -- known as Bleeding Kansas Chapter 10 Section 3 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Referendum – Practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by legislature 2. Insurrection – An act of rebellion against the established government Identify 1. Republican Party – Coalition of political parties AntiNebraska Party, Fusion Party, People’s Party and the Independence Party 2. Know- Nothings – Political party also called the American party; they were anti Catholic and opposed immigration 3. Dred Scott - (See notes) 4. LeCompton Constitution – Constitution drafted in LeCompton Kansas that legalized slavery in the territory 5. Freeport Doctrine – answer by Stephen Douglas in debates with Lincoln concerning statehood and slavery Section 3 The Crisis Deepens Objectives: Analyze the events that increased sectional tensions in the late 1850’s Describe the Lincoln-Douglas Senate Campaign of 1858 1856 – James Buchanan became president Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri / his master took him to live in a free territory / then took him back to Missouri Scott sued for freedom / his argument was that the time he spent in the free territory meant he should be free Case made it to the Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney was the judge He ruled against Scott – Taney stated African Americans were not citizens and could not sue Supreme Court also ruled that the federal government could not prohibit slavery Dred Scott decision intensified the slavery issue Southerners demanded the North obey the decision or they would leave the union Lincoln and Douglas Lincoln was an Illinois Republican small town man, not an abolitionist, he thought that slavery was morally wrong and opposed it being spread to the territories nick-name the Great Debater Douglas was a Democrat from Illinois, a northern leader, possible future president, supported popular sovereignty, nick-name the Little Giant Famous debates between them included the topics of slavery, statehood and Dred Scott Douglas won the election for the Senate Lincoln impressed the Republican Party More tension between slaveholders and free states when John Brown started a rebellion Chapter 10 Section 4 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Confederacy – nation declared to have been formed by southern states that left the union in 1860-1861 2. Martial law – law administered by military forces that is invoked by a government in an emergency Identify 1. John C. Breckinridge – Southern Democrat, supported Dred Scott decision 2. John Bell – Presidential candidate for the Constitutional party from Tennessee, tried to uphold the constitution and the union 3. Crittenden’s Compromise – amendment by John Crittenden – it guaranteed slavery where it already existed, it would re-instate the Missouri Compromise 4. Jefferson Davis – Former senator of Mississippi, he became the president of the Confederacy Chapter 10 Section 4 The Union Dissolves Objectives: Describe the various attempts to find a compromise between the demands of the North and the South Explain how and why the Civil war began Southerners upset: about the John Brown raid the idea that the North might arm slaves the fact that North was encouraging slaves to rebel 1860 – debate over slavery split the Democratic Party / Lincoln won the presidential election South Carolina 1st state to leave the union Feb. 1861 – 6 more state left the Union – Miss., Al., Fl., Ga., La., and Texas These states met and declared themselves a new nation – The Confederate States of America also called The Confederacy drafted a constitution, Jefferson Davis was elected president Fort Sumter Lincoln wanted to resupply the fort South took over Fort Sumter before the supplies arrived First Shots were fired / no one was killed / Fort was destroyed The North surrendered and the Civil War was underway Immediately after Fort Sumter incident Virginia, Ark., North Carolina, and Tennessee left the Union South chose Richmond, Virginia as their capital Lincoln asked 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Army for 90 days Causes of Civil War Disagreement over the legality, morality and politics of slavery Kansas Nebraska Act sparked violence in Kansas Dred Scott ruling John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry Southern states seceded from the Union Confederates attack on Fort Sumter in S.C