Download Digestive System Notes~ Chapter 14

Digestive System Notes~ Chapter 14
Digestion- breakdown of ____________________ and absorption of _________________________
Metabolism- production of _____________________________ and building/breaking of cell parts
 Two main groups
1. ___________________________ – continuous coiled hollow tube
2. ___________________________
Organs of the Alimentary canal:
Mouth ____________  _________________  ______________  __________________ 
____________________  _____________ (opening)
1. Processes of the Mouth:
1. ______________________(chewing) of food
2. Mixing masticated food _______________
3. Initiation of _______________by the tongue
4. Allowing for the _______________________
2. Functions of the pharynx:
 Serves as a _______________________ for air and food
 Food is propelled to the ________________________ by two muscle layers
 Food movement is by alternating _________________ of the muscle layers (__________________)
3. Esophagus
 Runs from ________________ to _________________ through the diaphragm
 Conducts food by ___________________ which is slow rhythmic ___________________
 Passageway for __________________ (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx)
Layers of the Alimentary Canal
The smoothest, innermost, moist layer:______________, just beneath that is the __________________.
Smooth muscle layer: _________________________ and the outermost layer is ______________________
4. Stomach Anatomy
Draw a stomach, labeled with regions and sphincters
 Regions of the stomach
 ________________ region – near the heart
 _____________
 ____________
 _______________ – funnel-shaped terminal end
 Food empties into the small intestine at the ________________________
 ______________– large folds in stomach
 Layers of the peritoneum
 _________________________ – attaches the greater curvature to the posterior body wall
 Contains fat to ___________________________________________ abdominal organs
Stomach Functions
 Acts as a ___________________________________ holds 4 liters of food!
 Site of food ________________________
 Chemical breakdown of _______________________
 Delivers ___________________ (processed food) to the ___________________________
Specialized Cells of the Stomach
 Simple columnar epithelium
 Mucous neck cells – produce a sticky __________________________
 Gastric glands – secrete ________________________
 Chief cells – produce _________________________________ (pepsinogens)
 Parietal cells – produce _________________________
 Endocrine cells – produce __________________
5. Small Intestine
 The body’s ____________________________
 Site of _____________________________ into the blood
 Held together and to the wall of abdomen by ___________________________
 3 subdivisions: 1) _________________________ 2)____________________ 3)_____________
Villi- fingerlike projections
 Give the small intestine more _________________________
 Microvilli and folds called, _________________________, give the S.I. more surface area
 Stomach is connected to small intestine by pyloric sphincter!
 Acidic chime enters small intestine is neutralized by pancreatic juices!
Structures involved in absorption: 1)
2)
3)
(Peyer’s patches kill any remaining bacteria on the undigested food!)
6. Large Intestines Functions
 Absorption _________________________
 Eliminates _________________________ from the body as _____________
 _______________________ participate in digestion of food!!
 Goblet cells produce ________________ to act as a lubricant
 Connection between small intestine and large intestine is ileocecal valve
Structures of the Large Intestine
 _______________ – saclike ___________________ of the large intestine
 Appendix: Accumulation of _____________________ that sometimes becomes inflamed
Structures of the Large Intestine
Colon: _____________, _______________, _________________; S-shaped sigmoidal, _________, ____
Accessory Digestive Organs: salivary glands, _____________, _____________, ___________, _______
1. Saliva is a mixture of ____________________________
 Helps to form a food ____________
 Contains salivary amylase to begin ______________________ (1st to be digested)
 _________________ chemicals so they can be ________________
2. Role of teeth is to ________________________, deciduous teeth are called
Classification of teeth: _____________, _______________, _____________________, ___________
Chisel shaped? ______________ Sharp pointy? ___________ flat, wide teeth in back? ______________
Teeth Areas: outside part: _________________, neck- region in contact with _______, and ____
Enamel is the hardest substance in your body!
3. Pancreas
 Produces a __________________ of digestive enzymes that break down _______________ of food
 Enzymes are secreted into the _____________________
 ________________ fluid introduced with enzymes _________________________ chyme
4. Liver
 ________________ gland in the body, located on _____________ side\
 Leaves through common hepatic duct into duodenum
Bile: produced in ______________
 Composition: bile salts, electrolytes, cholesterol which help in the digestion of ________________
(bile is yellow-green and does not have enzymes)
6. Gallbladder
 Stores bile from the liver by way of the ________________
 Bile is introduced into the duodenum in the presence of ___________________
 Gallstones can cause ____________________