Download ap world-brown-potential exam questions for unit 4

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AP WORLD-BROWN-POTENTIAL EXAM QUESTIONS FOR UNIT 4 (1750-1914)
CHAPTER 23
1) List specifically all that the Enlightenment thinkers wanted to
change politically. Think aristocracy and religious freedom
2) Specifically, what happened to the European population after 1730?
What were the consequences for the working people? When did the
population stabilize?
3) What is post industrialization? How did it work? What groups
were involved?
4) What happened to culture in terms of things like dress during the
population upheaval of the 18th century?
5) List all of the major causes of the of the American Revolution
6) What did the Americans contribute to the Enlightenment
movement in 1789? Why was it considered enlightened?
7) List all of the major causes of the French Revolution. How do they
compare with the American Revolution?
26) What was the impact of industrialization on middle class merchant women?
27) What public, institutional activities did Western governments encourage during
industrialization? What private institutional reforms were not encouraged?
28) Who were the Chartists, When did they exist? What did they want? How
successful were they?
29) Which nations of Europe were impacted by revolutions in 1848? Which were
not?
30) What were the general results of the revolutions of 1848? What types of
governments were restored?
31) What caused postindustrial populations to stabilize in Europe and North
America?
32) By 1900, how many western people were above subsistence living?
8) In what year did the French Revolution begin?
33) Who was Louis Pasture? How did he contribute to the modern era?
9) What was the Bastille? Why is it significant in the French
Revolution?
10) During the initial, moderate, phase of the French Revolution,
what lasting reforms were past?
11) What occurred during the radical phase of the French Revolution?
Think about the concept of private property
34) Specifically, how were the lives of peasants improved during industrialization?
How were they not improved?
35) How did conservatives change their political strategy after 1850?
36) Who was Disraeli? What were his accomplishments?
37) How was unification in Italy achieved? Who was involved?
12) Describe the final phase of the French Revolution and how it
allowed Napoleon to take power
13) In what ways did the French Revolution have a long term
influence on the rest of Europe? Think about the liberal agenda.
38) How was unification in Germany achieved? Who was involved?
39) Specifically, in what ways did governments expand their functions after 1870?
40) What were the key components of Karl Marx’s political philosophy?
14) What was the impact of the Congress of Vienna in terms of
European political stability? How was Europe redrawn?
15) Specifically, how were radicals, socialists, liberals and
conservatives different from one another in 18th century Europe?
16) Describe the results of Greece’s independence movement starting
in 1820
17) Describe how Belgium won independence in 1830
18) Describe Britain’s reform Bill of 1832
19) Who created the steam engine? When? How did it play a role in
the industrial revolution?
41) In what nation did socialist have the greatest influence in Europe in the 19 th
century? Why?
42) Who were the revisionists? What did they want?
43) How did science and art diverge in the later 19th century?
44) Who was Darwin? What were his contributions to science?
45) What are American Exceptionalists? What do they believe?
46) Where on the globe was Western society extended? Where was it not extended?
47) Describe the origins of British Australia
20) Specifically, how did American inventors contribute unique ideas
to the Industrial Revolution?
48) Describe the development of the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance systems
21) What changed economically as a result of the Industrialization?
What did not change?
49) What was Balkan nationalism? How did it impact the alliance systems of
Europe?
22) How did industrialization impact traditional values of leisure and
product quality?
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CHAPTER 24
1) What were the key causes of European expansion during the preindustrial era?
2) What were key aspects of imperialism?
26) What was Spain’s role in colonialism after 1870? The United
States? Belgium? Germany?
27) How did competitive colonialism relate to militarism in Europe?
28) Specifically, what were the factors that motivated Europeans to expand in the
late 19th century?
3) When was the shift from pre-industrial to industrial imperialism?
29) How did public opinion grow to become a major factor in foreign policy?
4) What were the goals of Directors of the Dutch and British East
India Companies? What were they not necessarily concerned with?
30) Describe general resistance to colonial rule in Asia and Africa.
5) How were the 18th century land empires in Asia accumulated? How
was public and private effort involved?
31) By 1914 only one African nation had successfully resisted colonization. Which
one?
6) What is the earliest example of an overseas colony built largely
through the initiative of company agents?
32) What was Isandhlwana?
33) Define Tropical Dependencies
7) Hoe did the D.E. I.C. relate to the Sultan of Mataram in the 1620s?
34) Define White Dominion
8) How did the Dutch get total control of Java?
35) What type of colony was South Africa prior to 1902?
9) Compare the B.E.I.Cs. incursion into India with that of the D.E.I.C.
in Java How were they similar? How were they different?
36) What strategies did the Europeans use to maintain control of tropical
dependencies?
10) What was significant about the Battle of Plassey?
37) How did colonial educational systems in Africa, Java, and India compare?
11) Who was Robert Clive?
12) What did the British takeover from French influence after the
Battle of Plassey?
38) What demographic factors caused tensions colonizers and African and Asian
middle classes?
39) What was the goal of head and hut taxes that could be paid in commodities?
13) How did the Fall of the Mughal Empire effect British
colonization in India?
14) What were the administrative centers of the British East India
Company?
15) In what ways were the Indian princes handicapped when
defending their kingdoms against the British?
16) For what reasons was India known as the pivot of the great
British Empire?
17) What was the impact of colonialism on the Indian and Javanese
indigenous social systems prior to 1850?
40) What products did not increase in production as a result of colonialism?
41) What happened to internal economies in the European colonies?
42) How were South Africa and Australia similar as colonies?
43) What were the results of the annexation of the Boer colony by the British in
1802?
44) What republic did the Boers found in the 1850s?
45) Specifically, how were the Maoris impacted by contact with the Europeans in
the 1790s?
18) Describe the social, sexual, and romantic relations between the
Europeans and their colonial subjects in Java and India prior to 1850?
46) Who was James Cook? What was his role in colonialism?
19) Who were nabobs? How did they achieve their wealth?
47) Who was Haoalele? How did he utilize contact with Britain?
20) What did Lord Cornwallis do in India in the 1790s?
48) What did the 1848 Edict of the Great Mahele do?
21) What English religious group was critical to the social reform
movement in the British Empire in the early 19th century? Why?
CHAPTER 25
22) What was Utilitarianism? Who were Jeremy Bentham and James
Mills?
23) Which colonial power granted citizenship to their educated
subjects? Why?
24) By which decade had most of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific been
colonized or strongly influenced by the European powers?
25) Which European nation dominated sea trade during the first half
of the 19th century?
1) How did Latin America buck the trend of Western imperialism?
2) In what century did most Latin American colonies achieve independence?
3) What beliefs did Latin America share with the west during the 19 th century?
What beliefs did they not share?
4) What model was rejected by the Creole elites as a way to successful revolution?
Why?
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5) Who was Toussaint L’ Overture? Why is he significant?
6) What social group saw the Haitian revolution as a symbol of hope
and freedom?
7) How did the Haitian revolution impact the rest of Latin America?
8) How did the Napoleonic wars contribute to independence
movements in Latin America?
32) Who was Santa Anna? What was his role in Mexican politics
between 1832 and 1854?
33)What colonial powers intervened in Mexican politics between 1829 and 1865?
34) What was Manifest Destiny?
35) What did the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo do? When?
36) What was La Reforma? Who led it?
9) What was “the mask of Ferdinand”? How was it used?
37) What did the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata accomplish under de Rosas?
10) What did Father Hidalgo do? What groups did he unite?
38) What new crop made up 40% of Brazils exports by 1840?
11) Who was Iturbide? What was he known for?
39) How did the status of women change in post-independence Latin America?
12) Who was Bolivar? What was he known for?
13) Who was San Martin? What was he known for?
14) By what year had all of Spanish South America become
independent?
40) How did skin color and former slave status affect social advancement
throughout Latin America?
41) Explain the theories of “Modernization” and “Westernization” in Latin America?
42) What was the “dependency theory?”
15) How were the Napoleonic wars different for Portugal as
compared to Spain?
16) How was Brazilian independence achieved?
17) How was post-independent Brazil politically different than the
Spanish America?
43) Describe the core of the Latin American economy between 1880 and 1920?
44) Who was Diaz? Why is he significant?
45) How did European immigration impact Argentina between 1880 and 1920?
18) What role did religion play in the new Latin American states?
46) What caused the Spanish-American War? Where was it fought? What was the
outcome?
19) When did Mexico end slavery?
47) Why did Cuba gain independence from the United States in 1902?
20) What was Gran Columbia? Which states were part of it? Which
were not?
48) What were the characteristics of the Diaz government in Mexico?
21) Who were Caudillos? What did they do?
22) What was the “centralist theory’ of government in Latin
America?
23) What political principles were held by Latin American liberals?
24) How were liberals and conservatives similar and different in
early Latin America?
25) What colonial power in Europe first recognized Latin American
independence?
26) What was the Monroe Doctrine? What did it call for?
27) What European nation initially replaced Spain as an economic
force in Latin America?
28) What factors led to economic stagnation in Latin America
between 1820 and 1850?
CHAPTER 26
1) List the weaknesses of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century
2) What was the Muslim economy like in the early 18 th century?
3) Which European power took Muslim territories in the early 18 th century?
4) In the later 1700s what power became the major threat to Ottoman survival?
5) What was the first Balkan region to achieve independence from the Ottoman
Empire?
6) By what decade had the Ottoman’s been driven from virtually all of the Balkans?
7) What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire to keep a balance of power
in the Mediterranean?
8) What were Sultan Selim IIIs reforms? What was the result of these reforms?
29) What role did quano play in Peru’s economy?
9) What Ottoman Sultan eliminated the influence of the Janissary corp?
30) What was Positivism? Who created it? Who adopted it?
10) What were the reforms of Mahmud II? What was the result of these reforms?
31) What were all of the characteristics of Liberal politicians after
1860 in Latin America?
11) What were the Tanzimat reforms? What was the result of these reforms?
12) What happened in 1876 that was associated with the Tanzimat reforms?
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13) How did the Tanzimat reforms relate to women?
43) What was the outcome of the opium war?
14) How does Abdul Hamid relate to the Tanzimat reforms?
44) Describe the Taiping Rebellion. What caused it? What was the outcome?
15) In what ways did Abdul Hamid press for Westernization?
45) How did the Manchus respond to external pressure by the end of the 19th
century?
16) What group overthrew the Ottoman Sultanate in 1908?
46) When was the last Chinese emperor deposed?
17) What caused the 1908 coup in the Ottoman Empire?
18) Who challenged the Ottomans for control of Libya during WW I?
CHAPTER 27
19)What was the relationship between the Young Turks and the
Arabs after the coup of 1908?
20) Whose invasion of Egypt in 1798 signaled the beginning of
Europe’s colonization of the Islamic heartland?
1) How did Russia and Japan defy the common pattern of Western domination?
21) What Islamic group was deposed by this invasion?
2) Characterize Russia’s and Japan’s development economically and militarily by
the early 20th century
22) What person had established dominance over Egypt by 1801?
3) How did Russia and Japan approach the west differently?
23) List the reforms introduced to Egypt after 1801
4) How were Russia and Japan similar in terms of industrialization prior to 1914?
24) Why could Muhammad Ali not overthrow the Ottoman Empire?
5) What caused Russia to fear too much westernization?
25)Which reforms of Muhammad Ali failed? Why?
6) What were the characteristics of the Holy Alliance?
26) Who were the Ayan?
7) What was the Decembrist ring? What did they do in 1825?
27) Who were the Khedives?
8) How did Russia avoid revolutions in the 1830s and in 1848?
28) What motivated Europeans to lend money to Muhammad Ali’s
successors?
9) Describe Russian territorial expansion
10)Describe the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19th century
29) What happened in Egypt in 1882 that allowed Britain to become
politically involved in the country?
11) How does the Crimean war relate to Russia’s widening gap with the west?
30) What was the center of Egyptian administration in the Sudan?
12) Why did the west win the Crimean war?
31) Why did Achmad claim leadership of Sudanic resistance to
Egyptian rule?
13) What czar started reforms in the 19th century? What were those reforms?
32) Who was Mahdi? Who was Khalifa Abdallahi?
33) Who was Nurhaci? What did he do?
34) What did the Manchu dynasty of China call itself?
35) How did the Manchus implement the imperial bureaucracy?
36) In what areas did the Manchus attempt reform?
37) Why did Manchu reforms fail?
14) In what ways was serfdom reformed?
15) When were serfs emancipated?
16) What came with serf emancipation?
17) What were Russian reforms in the 1860s and 1870s?
18) What was the first step toward industrialization in Russia?
19) Who was Count Witte? What did he do?
38) Who were the compradors? How did they rise in influence?
20) What was the relationship between Russian industry and foreign capital by
1900?
39) What were all of the causes of Qing decline in the early 19 th
century?
21) Rank Russian industrialization by 1900
40) How large was the Chinese population in 1850?
41) Describe the relationship between opium, economics, and
colonialism in China
42) Who was Lin Zexu? What was his role in the 1830s?
22) What local advantages did Russia have in terms of industrialization?
23) List the causes of Russian unrest during the second half of the 19th century
24) What was the role of the Russian intelligentsia?
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25) Who were the anarchists? What did they want? How did they
operate to achieve their goals?
37) Describe Tokugawa intellectual and cultural life
38) What was the Dutch studies group? What did they advocate?
26) What were the characteristics of Russian Marxism?
39) Who forced the opening of Japan in 1853?
27) Who were the Bolsheviks? How did they relate to Lenin’s ideas?
40) When did Mutsuhito take the throne? What did he implement?
28) What contributed to working class radicalism in Russia in the late
19th century?
41) What advantages did Japan have over China in terms of industrialization?
29) Failure in what war led to the Russian revolution of 1905?
42) What were the political reforms of the Meji era?
30) What happened in the revolution of 1905?
43) How did these reforms compare with those of Russia?
31) What reforms stemmed from the revolution of 1905? What was
the role of the liberals?
44) How was Japanese and Russian industrialization similar and different?
32) Who was Stolypin?
33) What was the Duma?
34) Who were the Kulaks? What did they achieve after 1905?
35) Who were the great 19th century Russian novelists?
36) How did the Tokugawa Shogunate deal with a central
bureaucracy and regional diamyos?
45) What were zaibatsus?
46) How did imports and exports impact Japans industrialization?
47) What did the Japanese adopt culturally from the west?
48) How did Shinto impact industrialization in Japan?
49) What were the social stresses associated with Japanese industrialization?