Download examen del medio año – español iii

LA FONÉTICA ESPAÑOLA
What sound do the following make:
“s”
“f”
“ch
“z”
qu (k)
ce (say)
co (koh)
ca (kah)
j (h)
ge (hey)
h -none
y (ee)
ll (y)
a (ah)
gi (he)
t (t not th)
e (eh, ay)
i (ee)
o
u
Spanish vowels are clipped
When speaking Spanish, your lips stretch
Spanish sounds/phonetics are more
pure than English
What are the rules for accenting words?
>if a word ends in a vowel, n or s...the accent falls on the next to
last syllable
>if a word ends in any other consonant...it falls on the last syllable
What are the rules for dividing words into syllables? (see below)
>end in vowel when possible, dipthongs do not divide
Whenever possible, syllables in Spanish end in vowel
To determine the number of syllables, count the number of
vowels/dipthongs
NORMALLY, when determining the “stressed” syllable, accent the next to
last syllable
When two consonants are side by side, you split them UNLESS the second
is: L or R, then both go with the following syllable.
DIVIDE THE FOLLOWING INTO SYLLABLES
im por tan te --- lis to -- in cre í ble -- más -- a bue la -- cha
rrúa
LIST THE RULES FOR USING SER Y ESTAR
SER
ESTAR
permanent
origin
event location
profession
possession
impersonal expression (it is important)
time
enduring physical/personal characteristics
composed/made of
temporary
location
feelings
emotions
temporary state (the door is open)
present progressive tense
permanent descriptions
temporary perception (the soup is good)
the soup is good (characterized all the time (this particular one)
as good
What words often are clues to using one or the other?
“de” often goes with SER.......”en” with ESTAR
DO YOU USE SER OR ESTAR TO EXPRESS THE FOLLOWING:
profession SER
perception (e.g. food at this moment ESTAR,
possession SER
food in general SER)
impersonal expression (it is important) SER characteristics SER
feelings ESTAR
emotions ESTAR
time SER
composed/made of SER
origin SER
temporary condition ESTAR
event location SER
present progressive action/action in
location ESTAR
progress ESTAR
Pretérito / Imperfecto
EL PRETÉRITO is used to express what types of action in the past?
>DEFINITE BEGINNING & END
>AT A SPECIF TIME, or defined time period
>SPECIFIC NUMBER OF TIMES
>actions that are interrupting other actions
What are clue words for use of the preterite:
ayer, anoche, un día, esta mañana, la semana pasada, el año pasado, tres veces, etc
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
El IMPERFECTO is used to express what types of action in the past
>ongoing
>time
>age
>habitual
>mental/physical sensation or state
>repeated over n over
>basic descriptions >setting the stage
>actions by are interrupted by another action
>convey the idea of would/used to/could in the past
What are clue words for use of the imperfect:
cada día, siempre, mientras, muchas veces, a veces, nunca, todo (el día, el tiempo,
etc),
a menudo, de vez en cuando, por un rato, tantas veces, con frecuencia, etc.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
El Pretérito
List regular AR endings é
aste ó
amos
asteis
iste ió
imos
isteis
aron
List regular ER endings î
ieron
List regular IR endings î
iste ió
imos
isteis
ieron
Which 2 verbs are identical in the preterit?
IR/SER
fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
“-gar”; “-car”; and “-zar” verbs are ALL irregular in the which
form?
yo form
What happens to stem-changing verbs in the preterite if they end in:
AR - nothing
ER - nothing
IR - change ONLY in the third person singular and plural. The changes
are:
e-ie and e-i verbs change to just “i”
o-ue verbs change to just “u”
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
EL IMPERFECTO
List regular AR endings (on what form does an accent occur) nosotros
aba
abas
aba
ábamos
abais aban
List regular ER endings (where are the accents) these are the same
List regular IR endings (where are the accents)
ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais ían
Which verbs are irregular in the imperfect? show the conjugation of
each.
ir - iba ibas iba íbamos ibais
iban
ser - era era era éramos erais eran
ver - veía
veías veía veíamos veíais veían
Write the following in the imperfect:
Cada invierno, yo ____iba__________ a las montañas.
____llegábamos_____________ a las cuatro de la tarde.
La mujer se __veía______muy bonita por lo general.
Nosotros siempre ___mirábamos a________ los niños jugar.
Rosalinda _estaba__ muy alegre.
El Señor Montes ___era_____ mi profesor favorito. (ser)
La noche __estaba_____ oscura. (estar)
Pick which one:
Do you use the preterite or imperfect for action that is one of the
words below. Give an example of each
A. completed
B. interrupted
pretérito
imperfecto
C. repeated imperfecto
E. ongoing (used to, would, was/were ...ing) imperfecto
F. interrupting
pretérito
G. order/sequence of events pretérito
H. setting the stage imperfecto
I. time imperfecto
J. age imperfecto
K. Completed actions in the past. pretérito
L. Background actions to another action/setting scene. imperfecto
M. Interrupting actions in the past. pretérito
N. Simultaneous actions in the past. imperfecto
o. specific point in time pretérito
p. specific number or times pretérito
q. characteristics/descriptions imperfecto
Show the conjugated verb form in the preterite or imperfect for each
sentence:
She era_________ una chica muy bonita
Yo dormía cuando el teléfono __sonó__________.
____empezamos_________ a las seis de la noche.
____cantaba________ mientras ______escuchaba________.
______entraron___________ y ______se sentaron__________.
______nevó___________ ayer.
Tell which rule you would follow to conjugate EACH verb in the following
sentences.
I lived in Spain for ten years. (preterite, set time pd.)
I was reading a book when my sister called. (imp-interrupted then pret interuppting))
I read a book then I wrote an essay about it. (pret, sequence)
It was a beautiful morning. (imp. decription, setting stage)
It was 7:30 when I got home last night. (it was = imp. (time); got pret
(specific time)
They studied for the Spanish test last night.(pret - specific enclosed
time)
Elena used to live in Los Angeles. (imp - ongoing in past)
The teacher was reading while the students were listening. (imp.
simultaneous)
Escribía el examen cuando la electricidad paró. (interrupted,
interrupting)
Hacía mucho calor y sol. (imp - setting stage, descriptions)
Toqué a la puerta tres veces. (preter - specific number of times)
Escuchaba al radio mientras limpiaba el cuarto. (imp - simultaneous
actions)
Cogió el papel, corrió al buzón y envió el reportaje. (pret. - sequence)
Era medianoche. (imp - time)
Yo era una estudiante diligente. (imp. - descriptions)
PRONOMBRES DE COMPLEMENTOS DIRECTOS E INDIRECTOS
Show the Direct Object Pronouns
Show the Indirect Object Pronouns
me
nos
me
nos
te
os
te
os
lo/la los/las
WHAT IS A DIRECT OBJECT
>receives action of verb
le
les
WHAT IS AN INDIRECT OBJECT
to or for whom the action
occurs
put subject & verb together
if you can put the words to or for
and ask what or who
before the word in English
translation
it is an Indirect object (except listen to)
In a sentence, the indirect object is preceded by which words
in English? to & for
in Spanish? a & para
Where are the object pronouns PLACED with the following:
conjugated verbs - immediately before verb, after “no”
infinitives - attached to end (add accents when necessary)
+commands - attached to end (add accents when necessary)
-commands - immediately before verb, after “no”
when there are 2 verbs (first conjugated, second infinitive)
EITHER immediately before verb, after “no”
OR attached to end of the
infinivie (add accents when necessary)
What ORDER are object pronouns placed in? RID (reflexive, indirect,
direct)
When used together, you can NOT use which combinations? What should you
do in that case? any two that start with L -- then the La La Rule
applies - change the first to se
When attaching two pronouns to the end of an infinitive, you must accent
what? the vowel in the infinitive ending
Write the following in Spanish, replacing the DIRECT OBJECT with the
direct object PRONOUN
She writes me a letter -
la escribe a mí
Pablo reads the magazine and the book. - Pablo los lee
The students listen to you (sing fam) - Los alumnos te escuchan
I know how to play the guitar and the piano - sé tocarlos or los sé
tocar
She knows Bill and I - nos conoce
Write the following replacing the the indirect object noun with the
indirect object pronoun.
Maricela manda una carta a vosotras.
Maricela me manda una carta
Miguel lee el cuento a mus hijos. Miguel les lee el cuento
Nadie compra las galletas para nosotros. - Nadie nos compra las galletas
Write the following using both the IO and DO pronouns (when needed)
We give the money to our friends.
se lo damos
Javier writes to you (pl fam) Javier os escribe
You (sing. fam) read to me.
me lees
He gives a kiss to his mom.
se lo da
She tells me the truth
me la dice
Re-Write the following using both pronouns. If there is more than one
option, show both.
Isabel va a traer a nosotros para Sergio.
Isabel le nos va a traer OR Isabel va a traérlenos
Yo quiero leer la revista a ti.
Quiero leértela OR Te la quiero leer
(the following are commands)
envia la cuenta a ella. envíasela
no den el dinero a mí.
no me lo den
dé la llave a nosotros. dénosla
marca el teléfono para tu abuelo - márcaselo
presente a la chica a mí. - preséntemela
Present Tense Review.
Write the following in the present tense
We begin comenzamos or empezamos
They want quieren
Can you help? puedes ayudar
She closes cierra
We sleep dormimos
We lunch (eat lunch) almorzamos
I dont feel well no me siento bien
You (pl fam) think pensáis
She returns vuelve
You find encuentras
Do you (s. form) understand
(comprender) comprende
We sell vendemos
He lives vive
Pablo and You (sing. form) eat
uds. comen
Where do you live? dónde vives
How are you (sing. form) cómo está
ud.
You (pl form) talk hablan
I have to write tengo que escribir
She is going to visit va a visitar
They have to go tienen que ir
You (pl fam) sleep dormís