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A Family of Single-Stage Switched-Capacitor–Inductor PWM Converters IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 28, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2013 YuanmaoYe and K. W. E. Cheng Reporter: Yu-Kai Lin 1 Outline Introduction 2. Configuration(New Family of SCI Converters) 3. Detailed Analysis and Design Considerations 4. Simulation and Experimental Results 1. 2 5. Conclusion 6. Personal Remark 1.Introduction(1/4) A family of single-stage-switched-capacitor–inductor converters with different voltage conversion features and similar structures is presented in this paper. Unlike conventional switched-capacitor/switchedinductor converters that are produced by cascade operation, all of the proposed converters are operated in single-stage mode. 3 1.Introduction(2/4) The basic switched-mode dc–dc converters including (buck, boost, buck–boost, cuk, zeta, and sepic) have been used in various electronic applications due to their numerous advantages such as simple structure, good performance, high efficiency, easy design, and simple control circuit. 4 1.Introduction(3/4) A small resonant inductor has been added in SC converters to eliminate the current peak, therefore, the SC converters have good performance and high efficiency as well. Even though these converters have different structures and can provide different voltage conversion ratios, they have a characteristic in common which is that all of them are multistage combination of switchedinductor cells and SC cells 5 1.Introduction(4/4) The greatest feature of these converters is that energy flowing from input power sources is directly transferred to the two energy transfer components (𝐶1 and 𝐿1 ) and then directly released to output terminal. These converters are actually single-stage DC–DC converters rather than like aforementioned converters obtained high voltage gain by using different cascading methods. 6 2.Configuration(1/8) Each of the circuits uses only one active switch Q and a very small resonant inductor 𝐿𝑟 which is employed to limit the current peak caused by capacitor 𝐶1 when the switch Q is turned ON. Fig. 2. New family of SCI converters. (a) Dual-input step-up converter. (b) Single-input step-up converter. (c) Dual-input step-down converter. (d) Single-input step-down converter. (e) Inverting step-up converter. 7 2.Configuration(2/8) The two energy storage components 𝐶1 and 𝐿1 are charged in parallel by input sources 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 , respectively, when switch Q is turned ON, and discharging in series to output terminal when Q is turned OFF. where d is the duty ratio of the converter, 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 are input voltages, and 𝑉𝑜 is the output voltage. 1 8 𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉 1−𝑑 2 2.Configuration(3/8) when its two input terminals both are connected to the same power source 𝑉𝑖𝑛 , i.e., 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 . 𝑉𝑜 = 9 2−𝑑 𝑉 1−𝑑 𝑖𝑛 2.Configuration(4/8) Its two energy storage components 𝐶1 and 𝐿1 are charged in series by the difference levels of the two input sources 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 when the switch Q is turned OFF, and discharge in parallel to output terminal when Q is turned ON. 𝑉0 = 𝑉1 − (1 − 𝑑)𝑉2 10 The condition for the normal operation of this converter is that the level of 𝑉1 is higher than 𝑉2 . 2.Configuration(5/8) The dual−input step−down converter [see Fig. 2(c)] when its lower level input terminal 𝑉2 is connected together with the output terminal 𝑉2 =𝑉𝑜 as the new output, i.e.,𝑉2 =𝑉𝑜 . 𝑉0 = 11 1 𝑉 2−𝑑 𝑖𝑛 2.Configuration(6/8) When switch Q is turned ON, 𝐿1 and 𝐶1 are charged in parallel and discharges in series when switch Q is turned OFF. Therefore, the voltage across 𝐶1 is the same as input voltage Vin . 𝑉𝑜 = − 12 1 𝑉𝑖𝑛 1−𝑑 2.Configuration(7/8) However, there is no member in Fig. 2 that can provide high step-down and inverting step-down output levels. To compensate for the two deficiencies, two new members are developed to expand the proposed family as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Two new members of the proposed SCI converters family. (a) High step- down SCI converter. (b) Inverting step-down SCI converter. 13 2.Configuration(8/8) (a)High step down: 𝑑 𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 1+𝑑 (b)Inverting step down: 14 𝑉𝑜 = −𝑑𝑉𝑖𝑛 3.Analysis and Design(1/4) State I (𝑡0 − 𝑡1 ): 1 𝑖𝐶1 = 𝐼𝐶1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑡0 , 𝜔 = 0 𝐿𝑟 𝐶1 𝑉𝐶1 = 𝑉1 − ∆𝑉𝐶1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔0 2 𝑉2 𝑡 − 𝑡0 𝑖𝐿1 = 𝐼𝐿1−𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑡 − 𝑡0 𝐿1 15 3.Analysis and Design(2/4) State II (𝑡1 − 𝑡2 ): 𝑖𝐿1−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉2 𝐼𝐿1−𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑑𝑇𝑠 𝐿1 𝑇𝑠 ≪ 2𝜋 𝐿1 𝐶1 16 3.Analysis and Design(3/4) State III (𝑡2 − 𝑡3 ): 17 𝑖𝐿1 = −𝑖𝐶1 = 𝐼𝐿1−𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑉0 −𝑉2 −𝑉𝐶1 (𝑡 𝐿1 𝑖𝐿1 = −𝑖𝐶1 ≈ 𝐼𝐿1−𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑉0 −𝑉2 −𝑉1 (𝑡 𝐿1 − 𝑡2 ) − 𝑡2 ) 3.Analysis and Design(4/4) Design Considerations 1.𝑓0 = 1 2𝜋 𝐿𝑟 𝐶1 > 1 2𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑠 usually, the switching frequency is higher than 50 kHz 2.𝐶1 = 3.𝐿𝑟 = 4.𝐿1 = 18 𝐼𝑂−𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑠 ∆𝑉𝐶1 1 4𝜋2 𝑓0 2 𝐶1 𝑉2 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑠 ∆𝐼𝐿1 4.Simulation(1/5) 19 4.Simulation(2/5) 𝑉𝐺𝑆 𝑉2 𝑉𝐶1 𝑉1 𝐼𝐿1 𝑖𝐶1 𝐼𝐷1 𝑉𝐷𝑆 𝐷1 𝑉𝑜 𝐷2 𝐼𝑄 20 𝐼𝑜 𝐼𝐷2 4.Simulation(3/5) duty ratio is 0.5. (a) Simulated results. (b) Experimental results. 21 4.Simulation(4/5) V1 = 30 V, V2 = 20 V, d = 0.5, IO = 2.4 A 22 4.Simulation(5/5) (a) Efficiency versus output power. (b) Output voltage versus output power. 23 5.Conclusion(1/2) The proposed converters employ two energy transfer components (one SC and one inductor) and do not use the cascade method like conventional SC/switched-inductor converters. This design can meet the high efficiency requirement with a simple structure. The other members of the proposed family have also been simulated and their operations have been confirmed. 24 5.Conclusion(2/2) Fig. 2(b) is always higher than twice the input voltage and is only suitable for high voltage gain applications. Similar problem is also found in the high step-down member [see Fig. 3(a)]. proposed step-up converters can provide both higher and lower voltage levels than input voltage under different duty ratios. 25 6.Personal Remark In this paper the experimental circuit switch use IRFI540N,but simulated didn’t use this so the result will different. In this paper author propose seven’s different circuit, but only experiment one circuit. 26 6.Personal Remark 27 Thank your for listening 28