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Mineral Identification Chart Calcite Fluorite Hematitie White Vitreous Transparent to opaque 3 Hexagonal – variety of shapes. Most commonly rhombohedral & scalenohedral All colors: including colorless, white, purple, blue, red, pink, orange, yellow, brown, green, gray, and black. May also be multicolored and banded. White Vitreous Transparent to translucent 4 Isometric – most commonly octahedrals and cubic. Sometimes dodecahedral. Cleavage 1,3 – rhombohedral 1, all sides Black, gray to silver gray, brown to reddish brown, red. Some are iridescent, multicolored or banded gray and dark red. Red to reddish brown Metallic to dull Opaque 5-6 Hexagonal – thin plates, bundles of small micaceous plates & in thin splinters None. Occasionally rhombohedral & basal parting Fracture Conchoidal. Rarely observed due to perfect cleavage. Conchoidal Uneven 2.7 3.0 – 3.3 4.9 – 5.3 Effervescent None None Used as flux in the manufacture of steel & other metals to eliminate impurities. In optics field to produce lenses. In the production of glass & enamel. Carved ornamental objects. Too soft to be used as a gemstone. Principle ore of iron. Used in industrial production. Source for roughly 90% of all iron mined in US. Used in past as red & brown pigment. Used as minor gemstone – jewelry, beads & ornamental figures. Name Color Streak Luster Transparency Hardness Crystal Form Specific Gravity Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid Uses Colorless, white, yellow, brown, orange, pink, red, purple, blue, green, gray, black. May also be multicolored or banded. Primary ore of Calcium. Indispensable in construction industry, it is the base of cement. Forms many important chemicals and useful drugs. Crucial in the manufacture of fertilizers, metals, glass, rubber & paint. Transparent Iceland Spar was used for polarizing microscopes & other optical devices. Forms rocks that are ornamental such as Marble, Travertine, or Tufa. Main component of chalk. Environment (Location) Part of all mineral environments, including sedimentary, igneous & metamorphic Hydrothermal ore veins, Sedimentary deposits, Metamorphic environments & pegmatite dikes Part of all mineral environments, including sedimentary, igneous & metamorphic Notes Commonly fluorescent. Some phosphorescent. Transparent crystals exhibit strong refraction. May be thermoluminescent. Commonly fluorescent Common mineral. Paramagnetic – slightly attracted to magnetic fields. Strongly magnetic when heated. Quartz – Much harder (7) Gypsum – Softer (2) Calcite – Slightly softer (3), different crystal forms Quartz – Much harder (7), no cleavage Halite – Softer (2 – 2 ½), salty None Similar Minerals Mineral Identification Chart Biotite – Mica Muscovite – Mica Talc Name Color Black, dark brown, dark green, reddish black. Streak Luster Transparency Hardness White Pearly Translucent to opaque 2.5 – 3 Colorless, white, beige, yellow, brown, gray, green, pink, purple, red, black; occasionally multicolored Colorless Pearly Transparent to translucent 2–2½ Crystal Form Monoclinic – Thick flakes Monoclinic – thick flakes Cleavage Fracture Specific Gravity Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid 1,1 Uneven 2.8 – 3.4 1, 1 Uneven 2.7 – 3.0 None None None Poor conductor of heat & electricity and used as an insulator for electrical products & semiconductors. Poor conductor of heat & electricity and used as an insulator for electrical products & semiconductors. Large sheets once used for oven windows. Industrial uses. Crushed into a powder to form talcum powder. Main ingredient in cosmetics and some baby powders. Once used as a filler to prevent slipping in latex gloves. Highly resistant to heat & electricity – used as an insulator in electronics. Filler material for paints, rubber & insecticides. Ornamental stone, carved into figures, jewelry boxes, tiling & art sculptures. Uses White, beige, gray, yellow, brown, pink, purple, blue, green. Rarely colorless. White Greasy, waxy, pearly Transparent to opaque 1 Monoclinic – Most often large distorted masses and foliated sheets and plates. 1,1 Uneven Environment (Location) Common rock forming mineral; especially in metamorphic rocks such as schist & gneiss. Also in igneous rocks such as granite & rhyolite. Common rock forming mineral. Especially found in granite pegmatites, metamorphic rocks, metamorphic schists, & hydrothermal veins. In metamorphic rocks, especially Serpentine deposits. Most commonly forms the rock Soapstone. Notes Small pieces flake or peel off Small pieces flake or peel off Has a greasy feel. May be lightly fluorescent. Muscovite – Usually lighter in color Biotite – Usually darker in color Lepidolite – difficult to tell from pink muscovite Gypsum – Cannot be peeled into micaceous sheets, crystals usually different shapes Calcite Similar Minerals Mineral Identification Chart Name Color Streak Luster Transparency Hardness Crystal Form Cleavage Fracture Specific Gravity Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid Uses Environment (Location) Notes Similar Minerals