Download The Beginning of the Cold War Review

US History/E. Napp
Activity 1: Matching
The Beginning of the Cold War Review
Name: __________________
1. After World War II, the United States and
the Soviet Union – called the ________ because
of their superior military might – faced each
other with distrust and hostility.
2. The Soviet Union was a _________ state in
which a single political body, the Communist
party, controlled the economy and the political
process; communism was dedicated to the
elimination of private property.
3. The United States was a democracy with a
capitalistic system of _________ owned
businesses. Due to ideological differences, the
United States and the Soviet Union feared each
other.
4. A postwar clash between the opposing
ideologies (belief systems) of the United States
and the Soviet Union resulted in a ________. It
was “cold” in that the Soviet and the U.S. armies
never fought each other.
5. Instead of free elections in the countries of
_______, as promised by Soviet leader Joseph
Stalin, Communist parties supported by
occupying Soviet armies took control of the
police, the newspapers, and the radio stations.
Communist candidates were elected in rigged
(“fixed”) elections.
6. The Communist Party that now controlled
each Eastern European country took orders
from the Communist party of the Soviet Union.
In effect, the Eastern European states were
Soviet _______; that is their policies were
dictated by the Soviet Union.
7. As part of the Allies’ postwar plan, each
member was to occupy a zone of Germany
briefly, after which the country would be united
under one democratically elected government.
Instead, Germany remained divided in _____ - a
democratic West Germany and a Soviet Satellite
East Germany.
8. President Truman believed that a Europe
weakened by World War II was open to Soviet
_________.
9. Truman initiated a policy called _______,
which called for U.S. efforts to prevent the
spreads of Soviet influence and communism.
10. The superpowers engaged in an _____ race
to build more powerful nuclear weapons.
Totalitarian
_________
Eastern Europe
_________
Two
__________
Satellites
__________
Domination
__________
Superpowers
__________
Containment
__________
Privately
________
Cold War
_________
Arms
_________
Activity 2: Matching
1. British wartime leader Winston Churchill
said that an ________ had descended across the
continent of Europe – that there was a division
between the Soviet satellites of Eastern Europe
and the democracies of Western Europe.
2. In 1947, the Greek government was in danger
of being overthrown by Greek Communists. If
Greece became a Soviet satellite, so might
Turkey. President Truman asked Congress for
$400 million in U.S. military aid for Greece and
Turkey as part of his ________ Doctrine.
3. With U.S. financial assistance, Greece and
Turkey turned back the ________ threat.
4. In 1947, Western Europe was still in
desperate economic shape as a result of war.
Communist parties in France and Italy won
large numbers of supporters. Truman’s
secretary of state George Marshall proposed an
ambitious program of foreign aid to ________
the rising tide of communism.
5. The Marshall Plan helped bring about
European ________. By 1951, Communists had
little hope of controlling France or Italy,
although they remained strong in both
countries.
6. In 1948, the Soviets announced that they were
closing the land routes to West Berlin, the part
of the city under British, French, and American
control. Truman announced that the U.S. would
not abandon West Berlin. He ordered the
_________.
7. In 1949, the Soviets ended their ineffectual
blockade of _______ thanks to the Berlin airlift.
8. For the first time in its history, the United
States joined a military alliance in peacetime.
The ________ was created to discourage Soviet
aggression and thus avoid war.
9. In response to NATO, the Soviet Union
formed the _______ with its Eastern European
satellites.
10. By 1961, the prosperity and political
freedom of West Germany was embarrassing
the Soviet Union. Large numbers of East
Germans were leaving East Germany and East
Berlin to enjoy a better life in West Germany.
In August 1961, the Soviets and East Germans
erected a wall of concrete and barbed wire
between East Berlin and West Berlin. It was
known as the _________.
Berlin Airlift
__________
Contain
___________
West Berlin
___________
Truman Doctrine
__________
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
___________
Warsaw Pact
__________
Berlin Wall
__________
Recovery
_________
Iron Curtain
__________
Communist
__________
Activity 3: Multiple-Choice
1. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
represented attempts by the United States to
deal with the
(1) national debt
(2) spread of communism
(3) President’s political opposition
(4) arms race
2. “An attack on one shall be considered an
attack on all.” This statement summarizes the
foreign policy known a
(1) colonialism
(2) nonalignment
(3) appeasement
(4) collective security
3. Shortly after World War II, the cold war
developed mainly as a result of the
(1) United States refusal to send economic
aid to European nations
(2) Soviet domination of Eastern Europe
(3) competition between the superpowers to
explore outer space
(4) continuation of the pre-World War II
balance of power
4. After World War II, the United States
departed most sharply from its traditional
foreign policy when it
(1) stopped foreign-aid programs
(2) sponsored disarmament treaties
(3) organized global systems of alliances
(4) recognized revolutionary governments
5. What was the main purpose of the Truman
Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin airlift?
(1) controlling Nazism in Europe
(2) establishing friendly relations between
the United States and the Soviet Union
(3) spreading democracy to developing
nations
(4) limiting Soviet expansion
6. Which event led directly to the end of the cold
war?
(1) reunification of Germany
(2) formation of the European Union
(3) breakup of the Soviet Union
(4) creation of NATO
7. Which action was taken by the United States
government to help Europe’s economic recovery
after World War II?
(1) forming the Alliance for Progress
(2) sending troops to Turkey
(3) creating the Marshall Plan
(4) joining the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
8. In the Truman Doctrine, President Harry
Truman pledged to
(1) support Greece in its fight against
communist aggression
(2) fight hunger in Africa and Asia
(3) strengthen the United States nuclear
arsenal
(4) reject a policy of containment
9. Which development led to the other three?
(1) The United States government increased
funding for science and math education.
(2) The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik
satellite.
(3) A joint Soviet-American space mission
was announced.
(4) President John F. Kennedy set the goal
of landing a man on the Moon.
10. Which development is most closely
associated with the belief in the domino theory?
(1) military involvement in Vietnam
(2) construction of the Berlin Wall
(3) signing of the nuclear test ban treaty
(4) end of the Korean War
11. “. . . Let every nation know, whether it
wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price,
bear any burden, meet any hardship, support
any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival
and the success of liberty.”
Which conclusion is best supported by this
quotation from the Inaugural Address of
President John F. Kennedy in 1961?
(1) The Cold War was over, and the Soviet
Union was beginning to unravel.
(2) President Kennedy was encouraging a
very strong presence in foreign policy in
the post-World War II period.
(3) Compromise and appeasement were the
best avenues to world peace.
Activity 4: Excerpt from Truman Doctrine, 1947
“…I do not believe that the American people and the Congress wish to turn a deaf ear to the
appeal of the Greek Government.
Greece is not a rich country. Lack of sufficient natural resources has always forced the Greek
people to work hard to make both ends meet. Since 1940, this industrious and peace loving country
has suffered invasion, four years of cruel enemy occupation, and bitter internal strife.
When forces of liberation entered Greece they found that the retreating Germans had destroyed
virtually all the railways, roads, port facilities, communications, and merchant marine. More than a
thousand villages had been burned. Eighty-five per cent of the children were tubercular. Livestock,
poultry, and draft animals had almost disappeared. Inflation had wiped out practically all savings.
As a result of these tragic conditions, a militant minority, exploiting human want and misery was
able to create political chaos, which, until now, has made economic recovery impossible.
…The very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several
thousand armed men, led by Communists, who defy the government’s authority at a number of
points, particularly along the northern boundaries.
…Meanwhile, the Greek Government is unable to cope with the situation. The Greek army is
small and poorly equipped. It needs supplies and equipment if it is to restore the authority of the
government throughout Greek territory. Greece must have assistance if it is to become a selfsupporting and self-respecting democracy.
The United States must supply that assistance. We have already extended to Greece certain types
of relief and economic aid but these are inadequate.
There is no other country to which democratic Greece can turn.”
~pbs.org
Questions:
1- How does President Truman describe Greece?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2- What has Greece suffered since 1940?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3- What did the retreating Germans do to Greece?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4- What group exploited the tragic conditions in Greece?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5- According to President Truman, who is leading the terrorist activities of several
thousand armed men in Greece?
________________________________________________________________________
6- How is the Greek government responding to terrorist activities?
________________________________________________________________________
7- What problems confront the Greek army?
________________________________________________________________________
8- What is the only country that Greece can turn to? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
Who is the individual holding the paper?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the individual holding the paper also holding?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is written on the nuclear device?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What does the cartoonist suggest about the person holding the paper?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Who is the man in the military uniform reading the paper?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Can you identify two facts about the individual in the military uniform?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What does the individual holding the paper say?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What does the cartoon suggest about a cause of the Cold War?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
1- Who is the individual in the cartoon?
________________________________________________________________________
2- State two facts about the individual in the cartoon.
________________________________________________________________________
3- What lands is the individual in the cartoon claiming?
________________________________________________________________________
4- What name was used to describe a country influenced by this man’s government?
________________________________________________________________________
5- What is the meaning of this political cartoon?
________________________________________________________________________
6- Therefore, according to this cartoonist, what is a cause of the Cold War?
_______________________________________________________________________
7- What is the Domino Theory?
_______________________________________________________________________
8- What fear was caused by a belief in the Domino Theory?
_______________________________________________________________________
9- Does the situation described in the political cartoon still exist today?
_______________________________________________________________________
10- What happened to the Soviet Union?
________________________________________________________________________
11- So, how did the Cold War change World History? ____________________________