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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS QUICK WRITE Think back to when we learned first learned about macromolecules at the beginning of the school year. What are proteins and why are they important? What do you think would happen if our bodies could not make proteins? * You will have about 2½ minutes to complete write (the length of this song) FIND THE DIFFERENCES (THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENCES) DNA VS. RNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Bases A – Adenine T – Thymine C – Cytosine G – Guanine A – Adenine U – Uracil C – Cytosine G - Guanine Double Stranded Single Stranded # of strands RNA Function Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carries message from DNA to make proteins Brings amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Makes up a large of portion of ribosomes and helps bind the mRNA Appearance Images from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson Prentice Hall. KAHOOT! Take out phones or ipods and go to site kahoot.it Wait for class code to join CENTRAL DOGMA DNA ------------------> RNA ------------------> Protein transcription translation Analogy: DNA: Coca-Cola’s secret recipe is locked inside a vault RNA: Someone takes parts of the recipe and directions out of the vault so that it can be made Protein: With the directions, machines and workers make Coca-Cola drinks TRANSCRIPTION • DNA RNA • Occurs in the nucleus • RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded copy of the DNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) • The mRNA contains information for 1 protein • mRNA leaves the nucleus while the DNA stays in the nucleus mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus from DNA with the help of RNA polymerase Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) RNA polymerase RNA DNA Image from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson Prentice Hall. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters the cytoplasm nucleus mRNA Image from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson KAHOOT! TRANSLATION • RNA Protein • Occurs on ribosomes • A protein is made when the mRNA is read by ribosomes and appropriate amino acids are joined together • A polypeptide is a string of amino acids that make a protein mRNA attaches to ribosomes and translation begins at the start codon (AUG) tRNA brings the amino acid that corresponds to the codon to the ribosome Amino Acid Amino Acid tRNA Amino Acid Ribosome mRNA Start codon Image from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson Ribosome joins amino acids into a polypeptide tRNA leaves ribosome after its amino acid is added to the polypeptide Amino Acid mRNA ribosome tRNA Translation direction Image from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson Prentice Hall. Polypeptide continues to grow until the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UGA, UAA, UAG) Once the stop codon is reached, the protein is finished and released. The ribosome detaches from mRNA Growing polypeptide chain Ribosome tRNA mRNA Image from: Miller, K.R. & J.S. Levine. Biology. Pearson Prentice Hall. KAHOOT! AMOEBA SISTERS VIDEO • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mJbP23Buo THINK-WRITE-PAIR-SHARE Our bodies can only make a few of the 20 amino acids. Where do you think we get our bodies get amino acids? What do you think would happen if we were not able to obtain all of the amino acids?