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Transcript
Name Class Date 20.1 Viruses Viruses are particles made up of protein, genetic material, and sometimes lipids. The genetic material in a virus can be RNA or DNA. The protein coat that surrounds the genetic material is called the capsid. Follow the directions. 1. Color the genetic material in each virus blue. 2. Color the protein parts of each virus red. T4 Bacteriophage Head Tobacco Mosaic Virus Influenza Virus Capsid DNA Capsid Answer the questions. 1. Where is the genetic material in a T4 bacteriophage located? 2. In general, is the genetic material in a virus inside or outside the protein parts? 3. Why do you think the word virus, based on the Latin word for poison, was used for these structures? BUILD Understanding` Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two topics. Put at least 2 things in each section of the diagram. Note: Put things that both a virus and a cell have in the Both section. Class Date Viral Infections In a viral infection, a virus enters a cell. It then copies itself and causes the cell to burst. The flowchart below summarizes what happens in a viral infection. 1. Put the 3 words in the correct blanks to complete the flowchart. host cell viral proteins A enters or injects its DNA into a cell. The bacterium then makes and DNA. virus New viruses are assembled and burst out of the . Answer the questions. 2. What is one result of a viral infection? Circle the correct answer. destruction of the virus destruction of the host cell 3. What happens to the viruses after they burst out of the host cell? BUILD Connections How a Virus Is Like an Outlaw An analogy compares two things that are different and shows how they can be similar. 1. How does the analogy of the virus to an outlaw help you understand viruses? In other words, how are viruses and outlaws similar? 20.2 Prokaryotes(Bacteria) A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall, a cell membrane, loose DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm. The bacterium below is one example of a prokaryote. Follow the directions. 1. Color the ribosomes yellow. 2. Leave the cytoplasm white. 3. Color the cell membrane blue. 4. Color the cell wall red. 5. Color the DNA green. Size, Shape, and Movement Bacteria come in 3 shapes. Shape is one way to tell different bacteria apart. The diagram at the right shows several kinds of bacteria. Follow the directions. 1. Color the bacilli blue. 2. Color the cocci red. 3. Color the spirilla yellow. Answer the questions. 4. Describe the shape of bacilli. 5. Describe the shape of cocci. 6. Describe the shape of spirilla. 20.3 Bacterial Diseases Bacteria cause disease in two ways. Some bacteria destroy living cells and the tissues of the infected organisms. Other bacteria release chemicals that upset homeostasis in an organism. Decide if the methods listed in the chart below control, prevent, or treat bacterial diseases. Complete the chart. Method Vaccine Control, Prevent, or Treat? prevent Physical Removal Sterilization Antibiotics Disinfection Read the following scenarios. Decide which method of controlling bacteria is being used. Circle the correct answer. 1. After cooking raw chicken, Miguel always makes sure to wash his hands. physical removal disinfection food storage 2. Louise always uses a food thermometer to make sure her meat is well cooked. food storage food processing sterilization 3. Andrew works in a lab. He always heats his equipment to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. physical removal sterilization disinfection 4. Marco puts his lunch in the refrigerator at the office instead of leaving it at his desk. physical removal food processing food storage