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THE HEALTH FOOD BUSINESS Hippocrates “let thy food by thy medicine” thought physicians needed to know astrology (?) flax is good for intestines laxative and alpha-linolenic acid (omega3) Hippocrates diet – Amy Wigmore (thinks we have a limited enzyme store) Sylvester Graham worlds first nutritionist ~ nicknamed Dr. No abstinence of alcohol, meat (sexual enhancer), spices (irritants), caffeine (stimulant), and no doctors (good idea in 1800’s) Graham crackers – 1st anti-sex food (he was responsible for graham flour) Imperial herbal restaurant Singapore – tick off ailments you are suffering from “Natural” No legal definition applying to food Formulated without additives “Organic” No additives, chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, or GM foods Reasons to buy organic: o For what it doesn’t contain o For what it does contain o Environmental concerns (only legitimately scientific one) Use copper sulfate as a fungicide Use rotenone (from derris plant) as a pesticide – linked with Parkinson’s Nutrition depends on variety type, soil quality, fertilizers, crop rotations, maturity at harvest, transportation… May be beneficial in babies because still developing Uses manure (for fertilizer) but often is contaminated Organic vs. Conventional vegetable soup tested for salicylic acid (prevents blood clots) o Organic 6x (0.06mg), but still very small in comparison to aspirin (81mg) Antioxidant levels higher in organic tomatoes, though not higher in blood stream Apples can have 36 pesticide residues 80% of fresh foods were residue-free; 90% of processed Big Bang company – food is grown on fields of magnets Fit of Life by Harvey and Marilyn Diamond Simple solutions to feeling and eating better – food combining ( = eating less) Their science is absurd, thinks FDA is a fraud Herbal Remedies Using plants to cure ailments (nothing synthetic) The Chelsey Physics Garden – London 1673: all medical plants Supplement industry is approx. $25 billion/year 40% of people use herbal remedies (2.3 herbs/person), and ½ didn’t tell their doc composition impossible to determine, no regulations Echinacea (common cold cure) originally part of Clark Stanley’s Snake oil (to aid in arthritis) DIN # - A. Vogel has them o Cant patent natural remedies, proving they are safe and somewhat effective is enough o NPN (natural product number) – show that its made in a clean lab, its standardized, compounds stated, and safe, NOTHING ABOUT EFFICACY Ginseng – a panacea (cure for all illnesses) ? o Brain stimulant, hormone properties o Cold FX – Edmonton: reduces risk of getting a second cold if take everyday o Looks like Chinese silk vine (hormone) baby with public hair o 8/22 supplements have pesticides quintozene and benzene (carcinogens) Saw Palmetto – a berry to treat urinary issues o For benign prostate hyperplasia… works in some men & not others Ginko Biloba – improves mental function o Increases cerebral circulation…doesn’t translate to better mental capacity o Interferes with anticoagulants, if on blood thinners stroke Garlic – Adolphus Hohensee loooved it o Insert into anus weird o Contains allicin only when cooked/crushed Lowers cholesterol, increases immune system – conflicting results Kava kava – anxiety reducing (virgins shit it out then diluted and drank ?!) o Large doses linked with liver problems – illegal in Canada Ephedra – curb appetite (Metabolife) o Deaths (Steve Beckler) , seizures, strokes… not required to tell health Canada. Banned US, regulated Canada o Replaced by bitter orange – very similar Purity Some contains fenfluramine – appetite suppressant and heart damager St. John’s Wort interacts with cyclosporine (given to transplant - immune suppressant) bc it makes Cytochrome P-450 enzymes which break it down Chinese Herb nephropathy (Belgium weight loss clinic) used the wrong plant, wanted Stephania tetrandra, got Aristolochia aristolochic acid kidney failure Functional Foods (neutraceuticals) Provide health benefits beyond plain nutrition Iodized salt, iron in cereal, folic acid in flour (birth defects), margarines with stanols and sterols (reduce cholesterol), flax bagels (increases omega3) Wonderbread added Ca – not functional food bc not enough to be beneficial Chicken soup – nothing added; helps cause mucus flow faster … John Harvey Kellogg ~lived till 91 Ran the Sanitarium which because the central core of health food business All diseases started in the colon – performed 23 000 operations so they had less to get infected… Had the most enemas, colon cleansings, of any human (morning and night) o Yogurt flush to drive out disease forming bacteria (Elie Metchnikoff) Suggested exercise Electrified people (reenergize), inhale radium, sit in a light box (cures seasonal affective disorder…though not why he did it) Disciple of Sylvester Graham – therefore meat was proinflammatory (chimps threw it back, but ate the banana) Had a calorie count Fletcherize suggested 32 teeth therefore 32 chews Wheat flakes – ground up a hard loaf of bread Movie on his life “the road to Wellville” Will Kellogg Added sugar to the cereal – frosted flakes Put his picture on the box, and his signature Charlie Post Invented Post Grapenuts flakes - had neither nuts or grapes but sounded healthy Yogurt – Lactobacillus bulgaricus Compete for nutrients with harmful bacteria, release chemicals destroying bad ones o Cosmonaut yogurt from Russian astronaut poo Probiotics –food that contain specific microorganisms to alter microbes in the body ex. acidophilus and bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus GG (can cure bowel stuff) Montefiore Medical Center, Dr Brant: patient with diarrhea due to C. difficle o Introduced fecal matter to colonize the bacteria .. and it worked Prebiotics – foods we cannot digest and go straight to the colon (beneficial bacteria) o feed these bacteria (Lactobacilli bifidobacteria) and squeeze out the bad ones o degrade nitrosamines, inhibit ecoli, improve Ca absorption, anti cancer o Insulin – fructose polymer 60 units (found in Jerusalem artichokes) o FOS – smaller than 10 units per chain Synbiotics contain pre and probiotics Cocoa powder is the ultimate neutraceutical – contains more antioxidants than blueberries or green tea FOOD ADDITIVES Toxic wax on fruits: beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, shellac Morphaline (in wax) + nitrites nitrosomorpholine (known carcinogens) Nitrites in cabbage, not a big deal, dose is important Good ol’ days: Add lead acetate to wine to sweeten Copper salts added to veggies to make them greener Used arsenic oxide to whiten flour ? are you KIDDING ME Typhoid was prevalent… due to no control Safrole: used as a flavouring in Root Beer, shown to be carcinogenic, but can buy sassafras leaves in health food stores (not anymore, ecstasy) Salt - #1 food additive in Canada (#2 in US: they count sugar) 10 lbs only some people are susceptible to high BP can use KCl – but not really the same… hard to recreate taste excellent preserving agent (against bacteria – Louis Pasteur “disproved spontaneous generation”) through osmosis (dehydrates bacteria) Sugar also a good preserving agent, for the same reason total food additives: 150lbs/person/year (sugar 40lbs, salt ect ect, the CLASSICAL additives represent 1lb – 2000 different chemicals) very minute Polydipsia- love love water, need to drink all the time (can kill you) 5 tastes – sour, sweet, salty, bitter, umami (kikunae ikeda 1908) MonoSodium Glutamate MSG – (Glutamic acid and salt) naturally in seaweed enhances flavour of food increases sensitivity, and salivation Chinese Restaurant Syndrome (Kwok’s Disease 1968) similar heart attack Molasses –bacteria glutamic acid –NaOH MSG Reaction to it does not involve the immune system (masked food allergy) Every year 200 people die of anaphylactic shock EpiPen – epinephrine (adrenaline) STP (sodium tripolyphosphate) Retains moisture (added to meat, to avoid drying out in cooking) In cleaning agents (calcium), Kraft Dinner, ect ect, not in bombs Drying and smoking fish c’est bon – smoke contains toxic chemicals (Red Herring...goes red when its smoked) Pickles – cucumbers in brine – semi permeable membrane – osmosis Electric charge is only around one electrode … questionable Food Poisoning Canada ~2 million cases with 30 deaths US ~20-80 million cases with 10,000 deaths Samonella – organic peanuts, Listeria Monocytogenes (young, old, AIDS, and pregnant women), E.Coli 0157:H7 On the rise… o Better reporting o Increased meat consumption o Increased lifespan o Increased traveling o Industrial farming o Use of antibiotics in animal feeds Emulsifiers Polysorbate 60 Gycerides Artificial Flavour 1800 chemicals 500 chemicals in apples choose some main ones to duplicate a flavour nature identical: same chemical (among others) that is present naturally imitation identical: chemicals have little in common with naturally occurring o charocoal flavour- grabs the least toxic chemicals so safer Colour Beta-carotene Canthaxantin Tanning pills 1.5g – beta-carotene is precursor to vitamin A, accumulate in the eye and crystallize Butter – colour added in the winter, bc cows don’t eat grass (feed carrots) Cochineal red – female bugs scraped off cacti (salami, ice cream) Food 5 mcg Synthetic (coal tar) dyes: certified – citrus orange to colour orange skin Dr. Ben F. Feingold – synthetic dyes … ADHD? Named in Canada, numbered in US Yellow #5 - tartrazine (allergic) Red #2 - amaranth (carcinogenic to test animals… banned US) Red #40 - allura red Red #3 – maraschino cherries [thyroid tumors in male rats (only if you ate 14,000 daily servings of fruit cocktail for 70 days) Carcinogenic – it must have been shown to cause cancer in test animals, AND when people are exposed to it exhibit a higher cancer rate (high dose animal studies may not reflect human exposure and risk) Association does not imply causation A cup of coffee contains 50mg of KNOWN carcinogens, but number one source of antioxidant in the diet Sodium benzoate – preservative reacts with citric acid in fruit drinks benzene Nitrites In hotdogs Preservatives (stops botulism) Taste, colour MbFe (meyoglobin in meat gives a blue red colour) Fe+2 gets oxidized Fe+3 and the meat looks brown. MbFeNO… keeps colour Nitrites to nitrosamines … very small, >90% natural (cabbage) Vitamin C prevents conversion of nitrites to nitrosamine DMNA (dimethylnitrosamine) – murder but metabolized quickly cirrhosis Anti-oxidants (citric acid- chelating agent, BHA, sodium sulphate) Oxygen browns fruits and veggies (cutting apple with metal is a catalyst) BHT, BHA traps free radicals - stops oxidizes fat (rancid) Sulfites are allergens many deaths (potatoes, grapes, French fries) EDTA – chelating agent forms a cage to stop the metal from reacting, in mayonnaise Calcium Propionate – added to bread Anti fungal agent Rye esp. prone to ergot (dangerous hallucinations ~LSD) Witches of Salem – prone to hallucination, 19 women were hanged o “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller (in the McCarty Era 1950) Pont St Esprit – ate flour contaminated with ergot Radishes – goitergens Cheese – tyramine Oranges – tangeratin Celery – goitergens Carrots – myristicin Bananas – serotonin Apples – phlorizin