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Name: __________________________ Date: __________ Period: _____
Intermediate Science
Mr. Vorstadt
The Earth’s Surface
1. According to this graph, how
deep would you have to dig
to reach the Earth’s outer core?
_____________________________
2. What is the actual temperature
at a depth of 2000 km?
_____________________________
3. What is the pressure at a depth of
5000 km? ____________________
4. What is the density of the
mantle? ___________________
5. In what layer do we find Iron
and Nickel? ________________
6. What is the actual temperature of the
earth at a depth of 3000 km?
_____________________________
7. At what layer is the pressure
the greatest?
_____________________________
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Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior
The graph below shows travel time in minutes and distance traveled for primary and secondary
waves. Primary and secondary waves start at the same time but do not travel at the same speed.
Study the graph. Use the graph to help answer the questions that follow.
8. How long does it take
for a primary wave to
travel 2000 km?
_____________________
9. How long does it take
for a secondary wave
to travel 2000 km?
_____________________
10. How far does a
secondary wave travel
in 10 minutes?
____________________
11. How far does a
primary wave travel in
10 minutes?
___________________
12. What happens to the time difference between primary and secondary waves as
the distance traveled gets longer? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
13. Suppose a primary and secondary wave both travel a distance of 4000 kilometers
before they are picked up by a seismograph. Which wave will arrive first?
_____________________________________________________________________
14. How much time lag at 4000 km will there be between these two waves?________
15. Suppose both a primary and secondary wave start together and travel for 5
minutes. Which wave will travel farther?___________________________________________
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16 -17. Draw two diagrams showing the folding and fault-block mountain building
process.
folding
fault
Use the following terms to answer the questions 18-27 below.
A} Separation plate
E} Pangea
H} Lava
B} Fault
F} Plates
I} Collision plate
C} Transverse plate
G} Magma
J} Trenches
D} Continental Drift
18. _________This is molten rock on the surface of the Earth.
19. _________The plate boundary where two plates are moving apart creating new crust
and making the oceans spread.
20. _________These are pieces of the crust that "float" and move because of the mantle's
convection currents.
21. _________This is the name of the super-continent 250 million years ago.
22. _________Molten rock under the surface of the Earth is called.
23. _________The deepest area of the oceans.
24. _________Along crack in the crust is called a
25. _________The idea that the Earth's plates are moving across the surface of the Earth.
26. _________A plate boundary in which the two plates crash into each other causing
mountains building, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
27. _________A plate boundary in which the two plates are sliding in opposite directions.
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Label the four layers of the Earth and tell what main material makes up that layer.
_____ 33. The wearing away of rock by the repeated freezing and melting of water is
called?
(1) root-pry
(2) frost-action
(3) gravity
(4) all of these are correct
_____ 34. A rock that dissolves easily in water is said to be?
(1) soluble (2) insoluble (3) physical erosion
(4) water
_____ 35. Is the cracking or breaking of the Earth’s crust due to stress in the crust
pushing or pulling is known as?
(1) Faulting (2) Folding (3) Volcano (4) Erosion
_____ 36. Rocks can be broken apart by
(1) root-pry
(2) frost-action
(3) gravity
(4) all of these are correct
_____ 37. Acid rain is made when sulfurous gases dissolve in water to form?
(1) hydrochloric acid
(2) carbonic acid
(3) sulfuric acid
(4) oxygenic acid
_____ 38. The process in which carbon chemically combines with another substance is
called? (1) carbonation (2) exfoliation
(3) oxidation
(4) nitrate
_____ 39. The process in which oxygen chemically combines with another substance is
called? (1) carbonation
(2) exfoliation
(3) oxidation
(4) nitrate
_____ 40. Is the wearing away of rocks by solid particles carried by wind, water, or
other forces is called? (1) gravity (2) abrasion (3) root-pry (4) frost action
_____ 41. The weathering of rock in which a plant root grow in cracks in a rock and
loosen rocks materials is called?
(1) root-pry
(2) frost-action (3) gravity (4) all of these are correct
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