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Unit 3C – WWII and the Cold War Roots Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles DID NOT make the world “Safe for Democracy”, instead democracies are going to collapse allowing dictators to rise to power. Joseph Stalin – “Man of Steel” Soviet Union Created TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT Individuals have no rights and the government suppresses opposition Benito Mussolini – Italy Fascism – stresses nationalism and places interests of the state over self-interests. Power must rest with a single strong leader and small group of party members Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany Mein Kampf – “My Struggle” Nazism is based on extreme nationalism Dream of uniting all Germanspeaking people and “purifying” at him Aryans = “Master Race” National Expansion Third Reich – Hitler’s government he hope would last for a Thousand Years Militarists Control Japan – invade Manchuria in China USA uses caution Recognize Soviet Union in 1933 – exchanged Ambassadors Acts #1 and #2: Outlawed arms sales or loans with nations at war Act #3 – extended outlaw to selling to countries engaged in Civil War “Quarantine Speech” – FDR, 1937: Peace-loving nations to “quarantine”, or isolate, aggressor nations in order to stop the spread of war War Begins in Europe Munich Agreement – GB, France, and Germany – turned Sudentenland over to Germany as Germany “promised” this would be their last territorial pursuit Non-aggression Pact – Stalin and Hitler not attack each other but work together to take Poland. Blitzkrieg – Lighting War – Sept. 1, 1939: Germany annexes Poland starting WWII June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders to Germany Holocaust – Mass murder of millions so Germany could united under one Aryan Race. US Neutrality Early War Cash and Carry Neutrality Act of 1939 – warring nations can barrow US arms as long as they pay in cash and transport items on their own ships. Selective Training and Service act reinstates the draft once Germany creates an alliance with Japan. March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act allows countries to lend or lease arms from the US in return for defense. Atlantic Charter – USA and GB meet in DC for security and economic purposes December 7, 1941 – Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor on “A Day that will live in infamy” December 8, 1941 – US declares war on Japan Mobilizing the Home front Selective Service and the GI – drafts another 10 million soldiers while women volunteer for noncombat roles Industry switches from Consumer goods to war goods Manhattan Project – FDR opened funds for the study of splitting Uranium and the creation of an atomic bomb War Productions Board – ensured armed forces and received the resources they needed to win People rationed and grew Victory Gardens European Theatre USA joins GB and the Allies – quickly win the battle for the Atlantic North African Front – Operation Torch lead US forces against Italian Forces – Rommel and his army surrender to General Dwight D Eisenhower and the allied forces Italy - May 1944 - “Bloody Anzio” – fought 40 miles from Rome and lead by German Axis forces – King announces Mussolini is the most hated man in Italy Tuskegee Airmen – African American Pilots fighting in the Italian Campaign – OUTSTANDING AERIAL COMBAT D-DAY – OPERATION OVERLOAD - 3 million British, American, and Canadian Troops plan to attack French beaches. By September 1944 – Allies had freed France, Belgium, and Luxemburg from German control. The Battle of the Bulge: December 1944 Germans capture 120 American GI’s, round them up, and SS troops kill all of them Liberation of Death Camps - July 1944 – Soviet forces come across first German Death Camp - 1,000 starving prisoners, world’s largest crematorium, and a storehouse containing 800,000 pairs of shoes VE-DAY – Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945 as German army surrenders to General Eisenhower Pacific Theatre Battle of Midway – turning point of Pacific Theatre – From there, the US army begins army Doolittle Raids – Doolittle leads a group of 16 bombers in an attack on Tokyo. Kamikaze – suicide planes filled with bombs that flew into Allied Ships Iwo Jima – most heavily defended spot on Earth with 20,700 Japanese Troops providing defense. 6,000 US Marines die taking the island. Okinawa – Kamikaze pilots sink 30 American Ships. Americans take island losing 7,600. Atomic Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki – September 2, 1945 – V-J Day as the Japanese surrender ending WWII. Yalta Conference February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Yalta in the Soviet Union to discussed fate of Germany and the post war world. Division of Germany into 4 zones controlled by French, British, American, and Soviet Union “Free and unfettered elections in Poland” Russia joins war against Japan Creation of the United Nations GI Bill of Rights provide education and training for veterans returning from war, paid for by the federal government. Japanese Internment – Japanese Americans rounded up and placed in recreation camps to reduce threat of an attack within America Korematsu V. The US – during times of war, the US can place people in camps based on “Military Necessity” Potsdam Conference – US, GB, and Soviet Union build on Yalta Conference creating a European division between communist and democratic countries Truman Doctrine – US support the free people who resist outside pressures (communism) Marshall Plan – US provides aid to all European Nations that need it to prevent “hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos” Berlin Airlift – US sending supplies to their controlled area of Berlin using planes and troops NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – Defense alliance to provide support to any country attacked (ANTI-COMMUNIST) Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union Defense alliance providing protection to any countries who sign the Pact – ANTIDEMOCRACTIC Korean War June 25, 1950 – North Korea attacks South Korea – South Korea asks the UN for help September-October – UN troops under MacArthur push North Koreans all the way back North and control almost entire peninsula November 1950 – January 1951 – Chinese intervention and force UN troops back to the 38th parallel July 1951 – North and South Korea agree on a cease fire at the 38th parallel and a demilitarized zone between the 2 countries McCarthy’s Witch Hunt – an overall Red Scare in America Reemerges. CIA – Central Intelligence Agency – spies to gather information on possible communists in America. Eisenhower Doctrine – US will protect the Middle East against any attack by a communist country.