Download Quick Hits 3C

Unit 3C – WWII and the Cold War Roots
Causes of WWII
Treaty of Versailles DID NOT make the
world “Safe for Democracy”, instead
democracies are going to collapse allowing
dictators to rise to power.
Joseph Stalin – “Man of Steel” Soviet
Union
Created TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT Individuals have no rights and the
government suppresses opposition
Benito Mussolini – Italy
Fascism – stresses nationalism and places
interests of the state over self-interests.
Power must rest with a single strong leader
and small group of party members
Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany
Mein Kampf – “My Struggle”

Nazism is based on extreme
nationalism

Dream of uniting all Germanspeaking people and “purifying”
at him

Aryans = “Master Race”

National Expansion
Third Reich – Hitler’s government he hope
would last for a Thousand Years
Militarists Control Japan – invade
Manchuria in China
USA uses caution

Recognize Soviet Union in 1933
– exchanged Ambassadors

Acts #1 and #2: Outlawed arms
sales or loans with nations at war

Act #3 – extended outlaw to
selling to countries engaged in
Civil War

“Quarantine Speech” – FDR,
1937: Peace-loving nations to
“quarantine”, or isolate,
aggressor nations in order to stop
the spread of war
War Begins in Europe
Munich Agreement – GB, France, and
Germany – turned Sudentenland over to
Germany as Germany “promised” this
would be their last territorial pursuit
Non-aggression Pact – Stalin and Hitler not attack each other but work together to
take Poland.
Blitzkrieg – Lighting War – Sept. 1, 1939:
Germany annexes Poland starting WWII
June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders to
Germany
Holocaust – Mass murder of millions so
Germany could united under one Aryan
Race.
US Neutrality Early War

Cash and Carry Neutrality Act of
1939 – warring nations can
barrow US arms as long as they
pay in cash and transport items
on their own ships.

Selective Training and Service
act reinstates the draft once
Germany creates an alliance with
Japan.

March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act
allows countries to lend or lease
arms from the US in return for
defense.

Atlantic Charter – USA and GB
meet in DC for security and
economic purposes

December 7, 1941 – Japanese
Attack Pearl Harbor on “A Day
that will live in infamy”

December 8, 1941 – US declares
war on Japan
Mobilizing the Home front
Selective Service and the GI – drafts
another 10 million soldiers while women
volunteer for noncombat roles
Industry switches from Consumer goods to
war goods
Manhattan Project – FDR opened funds for
the study of splitting Uranium and the
creation of an atomic bomb
War Productions Board – ensured armed
forces and received the resources they
needed to win
People rationed and grew Victory Gardens
European Theatre
USA joins GB and the Allies – quickly win
the battle for the Atlantic
North African Front – Operation Torch lead
US forces against Italian Forces – Rommel
and his army surrender to General Dwight
D Eisenhower and the allied forces
Italy - May 1944 - “Bloody Anzio” – fought
40 miles from Rome and lead by German
Axis forces – King announces Mussolini is
the most hated man in Italy
Tuskegee Airmen – African American Pilots
fighting in the Italian Campaign –
OUTSTANDING AERIAL COMBAT
D-DAY – OPERATION OVERLOAD - 3
million British, American, and Canadian
Troops plan to attack French beaches.
By September 1944 – Allies had freed
France, Belgium, and Luxemburg from
German control.
The Battle of the Bulge: December 1944 Germans capture 120 American GI’s, round
them up, and SS troops kill all of them
Liberation of Death Camps - July 1944 –
Soviet forces come across first German
Death Camp - 1,000 starving prisoners,
world’s largest crematorium, and a
storehouse containing 800,000 pairs of
shoes
VE-DAY – Victory in Europe Day May 8,
1945 as German army surrenders to
General Eisenhower
Pacific Theatre
Battle of Midway – turning point of Pacific
Theatre – From there, the US army begins
army
Doolittle Raids – Doolittle leads a group of
16 bombers in an attack on Tokyo.
Kamikaze – suicide planes filled with
bombs that flew into Allied Ships
Iwo Jima – most heavily defended spot on
Earth with 20,700 Japanese Troops
providing defense. 6,000 US Marines die
taking the island.
Okinawa – Kamikaze pilots sink 30
American Ships. Americans take island
losing 7,600.
Atomic Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki – September 2, 1945 – V-J Day
as the Japanese surrender ending WWII.
Yalta Conference February 1945
 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
meet at Yalta in the Soviet Union
to discussed fate of Germany
and the post war world.
 Division of Germany into 4 zones
controlled by French, British,
American, and Soviet Union
 “Free and unfettered elections in
Poland”
 Russia joins war against Japan
 Creation of the United Nations
GI Bill of Rights provide education and
training for veterans returning from war,
paid for by the federal government.
Japanese Internment – Japanese
Americans rounded up and placed in
recreation camps to reduce threat of an
attack within America
Korematsu V. The US – during times of
war, the US can place people in camps
based on “Military Necessity”
Potsdam Conference – US, GB, and
Soviet Union build on Yalta Conference
creating a European division between
communist and democratic countries
Truman Doctrine – US support the free
people who resist outside pressures
(communism)
Marshall Plan – US provides aid to all
European Nations that need it to prevent
“hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos”
Berlin Airlift – US sending supplies to their
controlled area of Berlin using planes and
troops
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
– Defense alliance to provide support to
any country attacked (ANTI-COMMUNIST)
Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union Defense
alliance providing protection to any
countries who sign the Pact – ANTIDEMOCRACTIC
Korean War

June 25, 1950 – North Korea
attacks South Korea – South
Korea asks the UN for help

September-October – UN troops
under MacArthur push North
Koreans all the way back North
and control almost entire
peninsula

November 1950 – January 1951
– Chinese intervention and force
UN troops back to the 38th
parallel

July 1951 – North and South
Korea agree on a cease fire at
the 38th parallel and a
demilitarized zone between the 2
countries
McCarthy’s Witch Hunt – an overall Red
Scare in America Reemerges.
CIA – Central Intelligence Agency – spies
to gather information on possible
communists in America.
Eisenhower Doctrine – US will protect the
Middle East against any attack by a
communist country.