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World History Chapter 7 Crisis and Absolutism in Europe Test 11-20-14 7-1 Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion King Philip II – “the most Catholic king” Spain in the Netherlands o William the Silent o England’s interference Protestantism in England o Elizabeth I (last of the Tudor monarchs) – “the virgin queen” Predecessor – Mary Tudor (aka “Bloody Mary”) Act of Supremacy Balance of power Events of the Spanish Armada o Causes o Effects French Wars of Religion o Huguenots o Henry of Navarre (Huguenot leader that gained the throne and then converted to Catholicism) o Edict of Nantes – Catholicism = official religion of France 7-2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution Economic problems in Europe o Population o Inflation Social Problems o Witchcraft trials Thirty Years’ War o “Last of the religious wars” o Causes of war o Effects of war Revolutions in England o Mary Tudor Elizabeth Tudor James I (Stuart) Charles I (Stuart) Oliver Cromwell (gained power after the English Civil War) Charles II (Stuart) James II (Stuart) William and Mary (gained power through Glorious Revolution, but still from house of Stuart) o Divine right of kings o Puritans English Civil War o Cavaliers o Roundheads o Oliver Cromwell o New Model Army Restoration o Charles II (Catholic sympathies) o Brother = James II (actually Catholic) Daughters = Anne and Mary (Protestant) Remarried and had son (Catholic) o Parliament invites William of Orange (Netherlands) and wife Mary (daughter of James II) to invade o James II gives up throne willingly after soldiers and daughter Anne defect to Mary’s side = Glorious Revolution (little bloodshed) o William and Mary sign English Bill of Rights Know what this does Response to Crisis: Absolutism See questions/answers on homework site (these are the questions you answered in class) The World of European Culture Shakespeare o Hamlet Political Thought o Hobbes vs. Locke. o Be able to compare and contrast these two thinkers