Download Nombre: Fecha: Study guide for final exam. Spanish II. Verb tenses

Nombre:___________________________________________________________________________
Fecha:__________________________________________
Study guide for final exam.
Spanish II.
I.
Verb tenses:
a. Present, past (imperfect and preterite), future.
b. Irregular preterite; unidad 3 leccion 2.
c. Irregular preterite of stem changing verbs; unidad 3 leccion 2.
d. Irregular preterite of the verbs that end in –car, -zar, -gar.
e. All other irregular verbs in any of the tenses.
Learn how to conjugate verbs in all of these tenses and how to use them in sentences.
II. Present progressive (gerund)- the same as –ing in English. Remember with this tense you need to use the
verb ESTAR to conjugate the verbs.
yo estoy, tu estas, el/ella/usted esta, nosotros estamos, ellos/ellas/ustedes estan.
Ex. Yo estoy corriendo.
I am running.
-ar: -ando
-ir and –er: -iendo
III. Reflexive verbs- how to conjugate and how to use them in sentences.
Remember with reflexive verbs you need the reflexive pronouns.
Reflexive pronouns: ME, TE, SE, NOS, SE.
Ex. Ducharse
Yo me ducho. (I shower)
Vestirse.
El se viste. (He gets dressed)
IV. Demonstrative adjectives- what they are and how to use them. (this, that, over there)
Remember: these adjectives help determine the distance between you and the object.
Este, esta, ese, esa, aquella and aquel, estos, estas, esos, esas, aquellas, aquellos.
Know how to use them in sentences.
Remember, they need to agree with the noun in gender and number.
V. Direct object pronouns.
They are placed before the conjugated verb. ME, TE, LO, LA, LOS, LAS, NOS.
They replace the direct object in the sentence. Remember the direct object is the object that receives the action
directly from the verb.
Ex. Las señoras hacen los pasteles.
Las señoras los hacen. (los pasteles- direct object) (hacen-conjugated verb)
They can be attached to the verb in the infinitive form.
Ex. necesito hacer la carta de renuncia.
Necesito hacerla. (la carta de renuncia- direct object) (hacer-unconjugated verb) it can be attached because it’s in
the infinitive which means something you are going to do.
Ex. yo voy a caminar al perro.
Yo voy a caminarlo. (al perro-direct object) (caminar-unconjugated verb).
VI. Present subjunctive- used to express hope and wishes with Ojala que…. And impersonal expressions.
Know the endings and how to use them in sentences.
TO CREAT E THE SUBJUNCTIVE:
1. CONJUGATE THE VERB IN THE YO PRESENT TENSE FIRST
2. THEN DROP THE O
3. THEN ADD THE CORRECT ENDING FOR THE SUBJECT PRONOUN YOU ARE USING.
Know how to make them affirmative and negative.
VII. Por and para- mean TO but are used differently.
Remember- the uses of each and how to use them in sentences.
VIII.
Future tense- the tense that talks about future actions.
Remember: the endings and how to use them in sentences.
Learn these words:
Words of time.
a) Ayer- yesterday
b) Anoche- last night
c) Esta manana- this past morning
d) La semana pasada- last week.
e) El mes pasado- last month
f) El año pasado- last year
g) Mañana- tomorrow
h) Mañana por la noche- tomorrow night
i)
Esta noche- tonight
j)
Esta tarde- this afternoon
k) La semana que viene- next week
l)
El mes que viene- next month
m) El año que viene- nexy year.