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MCB Diagnostic Test
The figure below represents a small biological macromolecule. Use the figure to answer the next
two (2) questions.
1.
How many condensation reactions were performed to create the macromolecule in the
figure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
2
3
4
5
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
2.
If a cell performed an additional condensation reaction to add another monomer to the
macromolecule, which one of the following statements about that reaction would be
correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The incoming monomer would be added to the end of the macromolecule labeled (A).
The reaction would have a negative change in free energy.
The reaction would take place in the matrix of a mitochondrion.
The reaction would be catalyzed by a member of a family of enzymes referred to as
polymerases.
None of the above statements about the condensation of an additional monomer to the
macromolecule shown are correct.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
3.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
The term lysogeny is most accurately described as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
exchange of genetic material between a bacteriophage and a bacterium.
the breaking open of a bacterium by a bacteriophage.
the excision of bacteriophage DNA from the bacterial chromosome.
the stable integration of bacteriophage DNA into the bacterial chromosome.
the degradation of the bacterial chromosome by bacteriophage encoded enzymes.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
4.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Synthesis of which one of the following molecules is least likely to occur in the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Glycerol-based phospholipids
Ceramide
Cholesterol
Glycolipids
Testosterone
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
5.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Consider the following E. coli enzymes:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
RNA polymerase
Primase
DNA polymerase I
DNA polymerase III
Which of the enzymes listed above would be able to catalyze the reaction shown below?
[Note: for the purposes of this question, the identity of the sugar group in the molecule
being added is irrelevant.]
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
II only
I, II only
II, IV only
III, IV only
I, II, III, IV
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
6.
You are monitoring the metabolism of two different cultures of the same species of yeast,
which you have labeled Culture A and Culture B. One of your observations is that Culture
A is using up about 10 times the amount of glucose per unit of time as Culture B. Which
one of the following conclusions could you reasonably draw regarding these cultures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Culture A would be accumulating lactic acid.
Culture A is being grown aerobically; Culture B is being grown anaerobically.
Only Culture A is recycling its NADH back to NAD+.
Culture A and Culture B are synthesizing the same amount of ATP per unit of
glucose in glycolysis.
None of the above conclusions could be drawn from the information given.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
7.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
A messenger RNA is 1323 nucleotides long, including the sequences for the initiator and
termination codons, and ignoring the untranslated regions at the 5’ and 3’ ends. The
number of amino acids in the protein made from this mRNA would be:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
439.
440.
441.
1323.
3969.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
8.
Which one of the following statements about introns is correct?
A.
Intron/exon junctions have conserved sequences so the ribosome can accurately
identify where to perform intron removal.
All organisms are equally capable of removing introns and joining exons.
The removal of introns provides a mechanism by which different mature mRNAs can
be produced from a single gene.
Introns can vary in sequence, but are all approximately the same length in
nucleotides.
Introns are removed post-translationally.
B.
C.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
9.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
The critical concentration (Cc) of the plus end of an actin filament is 2 MUU, where MUU
stands for "made up units," while the Cc of the minus end of the filament is 12 MUU. If the
actual concentration of available ATP-bound G-actin at both ends of this filament is 2
MUU, which one of the following statements most likely describes the behavior of this
actin filament?
A.
This filament will be depolymerizing at the plus end and polymerizing at the minus
end.
This filament will be depolymerizing at the minus end and exhibiting no net growth at
the plus end.
This filament will be depolymerizing at both the plus and minus ends.
This filament will be polymerizing at the plus end and depolymerizing at the minus
end.
This filament will be depolymerizing at the plus end and exhibiting no net growth at
the minus end.
B.
C.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
10.
While conducting water testing of a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, you discover
a new species of archae. After extensive structural and biochemical testing, which one of
the following statements are you least likely to make regarding this new species?
A.
B.
The genome of this organism consists of a single circular chromosome.
The sequence of this organism's small subunit RNA molecule is more similar to the
sequence from Entamoeba histolytica, a disease-causing single-celled eukaryote, than
it is to Escherichia coli, a bacterium which typically lives without incident in the
large intestine.
The outer membrane of this organism's mitochondria contain small protein channels
which allow free passage of ions and other small molecules.
Glycolysis in this organism occurs in the cytoplasm.
All of the above statements about this organism are equally likely.
C.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
11.
The figure below represents a protein synthesized at the surface of the endoplasmic
reticulum:
The amino and carboxy termini of the protein are labeled N and C, respectively. Which
one of the following figures correctly depicts the orientation of this protein at the plasma
membrane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
12.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
You provide a culture of human cells with fluorescently labeled thymine, and then wash
your cells to remove unincorporated thymine. During which of the following phases of the
cell cycle are you most likely to detect incorporation of your fluorescent molecule?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
G1
S-phase
G2
M-phase
Incorporation of fluorescent thymine is equally likely in all phases of the cell cycle.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
13.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Which one of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?
A.
B.
In bacteria, replication start sites are called Shine-Dalgarno sequences.
Bacteria typically initiate replication from a single site, but eukaryotes typically
initiate replication from multiple sites.
Replication in bacteria requires the synthesis of a primer, but replication in
eukaryotes occurs without synthesis of a primer.
Replication occurs in the 5'-3' direction in bacteria, but occurs in both the 5'-3' and 3'5' direction in eukaryotes to enable eukaryotes to complete replication in a reasonable
amount of time.
None of the above statements about DNA replication are correct.
C.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
14.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Which one of the following statements about the movement of materials across a nuclear
pore complex is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A protein that accompanies a messenger RNA molecule from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm will typically have import and export signals within its primary sequence.
A nuclear pore complex can close completely to prevent all molecules from passing
from one side to the other.
A molecule of approximately 60,000 daltons in size (60 kDa) would require no input
of energy to move from one side of the nuclear envelope to the other.
Some RNA molecules have their own nuclear export signal (NES) and are recognized
directly by an exportin, bypassing the need for a "shuttle" protein.
All of the above statements about the movement of materials across a nuclear pore
complex are correct.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
15.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation typically leads to mutations in DNA because of the formation of
"thymine dimers." These are adjacent thymines in the same strand of DNA, as opposed to
base pairs on opposite strands, that form unusual bonds between their pyrimidine rings. It
is important for the cell to repair this lesion, as it can block both replication and
transcription. Fortunately, a system exists called Photoreactivation which repairs thymine
dimers. Unfortunately, this is an example of "error-prone" repair, because the
Photoreactivation system occasionally adds in one too many or one too few bases after the
thymine dimer has been removed. Based on what you know about the different types of
mutations, which one of the following mutations is most likely to occur from UV
radiation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Missense
Nonsense
Same sense
Insertion
Frameshift
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
16.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Suppose a drug is added to cells that enables protons (H+ ions) to "leak" across the
lysosomal membrane without the involvement of a proton pump. What would be the direct
effect of treatment with this drug?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lysosomal degradation products would accumulate in the lysosome and not be
transported out of the lysosome.
Phagocytic vesicles would no longer be able to fuse with lysosomes.
These cells would be unaffected.
Lysosomal enzymes would no longer be targeted to lysosomes.
The hydrolytic activity of lysosomal enzymes would be lost.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
17.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
The cAMP-CRP complex contributes to the regulation of the lac operon by:
A.
B.
C.
shutting the lac operon off when those genes are no longer needed by the cell.
binding to the lac promoter and preventing RNA polymerase from binding.
binding within the lac promoter region and helping RNA polymerase to bind to the
promoter DNA.
binding to the lac repressor protein and causing it to fall off the DNA.
binding to the lacI gene and preventing the synthesis of the protein product of that
gene.
D.
E.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
18.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Which one of the following structures would be used to terminate DNA synthesis in a chain
termination sequencing reaction as described in lecture?
NH2
N
-O
-O
-O
P
O
O
P
N
-O
N
O
P
O
O
CH2 O
NH2
N
-O
N
-O
O
-O
N
P
O
O
A.
OH
H
P
O
O
P
O
CH2 O
N
-O
N
P
O
CH2 O
B.
OH
OH
NH2
N
N
-O
N
-O
O
C.
E.
H
D.
-O
O
P
O
N
-O
N
P
O
H
N
O
NH2
-O
N
-O
O
P
O
CH2 O
N
O
H
H
None of the above would be used to terminate DNA synthesis in a chain termination
sequencing reaction.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
19.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
You have decided to examine the dynamic properties of a flagellum. After having isolated
flagella from sea urchin sperms, you placed them into an aqueous buffer with a pH of 7.0.
Very rapidly, however, you observed that the movement of the isolated flagella stopped.
Which hypothesis are you likely to propose to explain that result?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The isolated flagella become rapidly devoid of molecular motors.
The isolated flagella become rapidly devoid of ATP.
The isolated flagella become rapidly devoid of protons.
The actin bundle forming the axoneme is rapidly depolymerized.
A and D are equally likely hypotheses.
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.
Use the following figure to answer the following question. The figure represents a typical
activation energy diagram for a reaction in which substrate (S) is converted into product (P).
The solid curve indicates the conversion of (S) into (P) in the absence of enzyme, and the dotted
curve indicates the conversion of (S) into (P) in the presence of enzyme.
20.
Which one of the following metabolic reactions would most likely be represented by the
figure shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Addition of a nucleotide to a growing DNA chain
Synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
Creation of lactose from glucose and galactose
Reduction of NAD+ into NADH
As a follow-up to this question, please indicate which (if any) of the following statements
are accurate:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
I am confident that knew how to answer this question correctly.
I have seen this material before, but I am not sure I answered correctly.
I may or may not have seen this material before, and made an educated guess.
I did not recognize this material and did not know how to approach the question.