Download Transformations

Module 23
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, the students are expected to:
1. identify the functions of the elements in the sentence.
2. construct sentences using the basic sentence patterns.
3. transform sentences into negative, question, and active-passive forms.
4. use negative prefixes correctly in a sentence.
Read the selection below:
English language is extensively used in the world today. It is
estimated that there are 300 million native speakers and 300 million
others who use English as a second language. More than 45 countries
use it as their official language. In countries where there is no official
status, English is listed as the co-official language. It is the language of
Science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. Half of all
business deals are conducted in English. Two-thirds of all scientific
papers are written in English. Over 70% of all post / mail is written and
addressed in English. Most international tourism, aviation and
diplomacy are conducted in English. The cultural, political, or economic
life of many countries is shaped by English language.
The history of the language can be traced back to the arrival of
three Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD.
Angles, Saxons and Jutes crossed the North Sea from what is the
present day Denmark and northern Germany. The inhabitants of Britain
previously spoke a Celtic language. This was quickly displaced. Most of
the Celtic speakers were pushed into Wales, Cornwall and Scotland. One
group migrated to the Brittany Coast of France where their descendants
still speak the Celtic Language of Breton today. The Angles were named
from Engle, their land of origin. Their language was called Englisc from
which the word, English derives.
The Origin and History of the English Language
http://www.krysstal.com/english.html
Verbs are either ACTION or NON-ACTION words
1. NON-ACTION VERBS
A. Linking Verb (LV)
Linking verbs are non-action words. They express a state
of existence like the BE-verbs (am, is, are, was, were, will be, or shall be)
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and the verbs of the senses (sound, seem, appear, taste, smell, look,
become, and the like).
A linking verb is the main verb, which links the subject to its
complement (noun or adjective).
Examples:
S
LV
C
English is the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and
tourism.
S
LV
Cnoun
Englisc, from which the word, English derived, was their language.
S
LV
Cadj
Old English sounds Germanic.
:
English is the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and
tourism.
English is NOT the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy,
and tourism.
Englisc, from which the word English derived, was their language.
Englisc, from which the word English derived, was NOT their language.
NOTE: BE verb - Add NOT after it
NOUNS/ADJECTIVES – attach negative prefixes as in below
NEGATIVE PREFIXES
Supply the appropriate prefixes to the following words and
construct correct sentences using these negative prefixes.
In, dis, un, im, ir, il
WORD
dis
please
in
un
dis
un
correct
likely
respect
fortunate
dis
appear
SENTENCE
She was displeased about the turning of
events in her life.
Incorrect answers are marked X.
It’s unlikely of him to fish in the river.
Showing disrespect to elders is improper
The residents of devastated New Orleans
felt unfortunate to have lost lives and
properties unexpectedly.
The beautiful sight has just disappeared
before my eyes.
legal
proper
possible
mature
regular
lucky
even
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NEGATIVE ADVERBS
Negative adverbs like never, seldom, rarely, etc. can also be used.
English is the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and
tourism.
Is English the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and
tourism?
Englisc, from which the word, English derived, was their language.
Was Englisc, from which the word, English derived, their language?
NOTE:
Use the exact BE verb to start the question.
Be verb can’t be transformed into passive voice because it has no
object but a complement.
B. Helping Verb (HV)
A helping verb (also auxiliary verb) is only a minor or
secondary verb. Like its name, it supports the main verb.
Examples:
English language is extensively used in the world today.
Two-thirds of all scientific papers are written in English.
The history of the language can be traced back to the arrival of three
Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD.
The Angles were named from Engle, their land of origin.
English language is extensively used in the world today.
English language is NOT extensively used in the world today.
Two-thirds of all scientific papers are written in English.
Two-thirds of all scientific papers are NOT written in English.
The history of the language can be traced back to the arrival of three
Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD.
The history of the language can NOT be traced back to the arrival of
three Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD.
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The Angles were named from Engle, their land of origin.
The Angles were NOT named from Engle, their land of origin.
NOTE: VERBS with HV – Place NOT between the HV and Main verb
English language is extensively used in the world today.
Is English language extensively used in the world today?
Two-thirds of all scientific papers are written in English.
Are two-thirds of all scientific papers written in English?
The history of the language can be traced back to the arrival of three
Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD.
Can the history of the language be traced back to the arrival of three
Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5th Century AD?
The Angles were named from Engle, their land of origin.
Were the Angles named from Engle, their land of origin?
NOTE: Start the question using the same HELPING VERB.
2. ACTION VERBS
A. Transitive verb (TV)
A transitive verb is not complete without the object (noun or
pronoun that answers WHAT/WHOM after the verb).
Examples:
S
TV
DO
The inhabitants of Britain previously spoke a Celtic language.
S
TV
DO
Their language was called Englisc from which the word, English
derives.
S
TV
DO
OC
More than 45 countries use English as their official language.
S
TV
DO
OC
The Angles called their language Englisc.
S
TV
IO
DO
The Germanic Tribes gave the Britons the Englisc language, from
which the word, English derived.
NOTE:
All of the above verbs have objects (answering
what/whom) after them; thus, they are called TRANSITIVE.
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The objective complement (OC), just as it is called, modifies the
object. Compare it with the subjective complement (subject modifier).
The direct object (DO) is always a noun/pronoun that receives the
action.
The indirect object (IO), also a noun/pronoun, answers TO
WHAT/TO WHOM or FOR WHAT/FOR WHOM after the verb.
The inhabitants of Britain previously spoke a Celtic language.
The inhabitants of Britain previously did not speak a Celtic language.
The Angles called their language Englisc.
The Angles did not call their language Englisc.
More than 45 countries use English as their official language.
More than 45 countries do not use English as their official language.
The descendant still speaks the Celtic Language of Breton today.
The descendant still does not speak the Celtic Language of Bretons
today.
NOTE: Non - BE BERBS
 Use Did + NOT+ BASE FORM VERB = Past Tense
 Use Do + NOT+ BASE FORM VERB = Present Tense (plural)
 Use Does + NOT+ BASE FORM VERB=Present Tense (singular)
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "Active
Forms" and "Passive Forms". You must learn to recognize the difference
to successfully write and speak English.
The Angles called their language Englisc.
Their language was called Englisc.
More than 45 countries use English as their official language.
English is used as the official language by more than 45 countries.
Today, the inhabitants of Britain speak different language.
Today, different languages are spoken by the inhabitants of Britain.
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NOTE: Active = DOER + VERB + RECEIVER
Passive = RECEIVER + BE + PARTICIPLE + BY + DOER
ONLY TRANSITIVE VERBS CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO PASSIVE VOICE.
More examples
ACTIVE FORM
In active sentences, the doer of the action is the subject of the
sentence and the receiver of the action is the object. Most sentences are
active.
EXAMPLES:
The professor
(subject)
(doing action)
Joan
(subject)
(doing action)
teaches
(active verb)
the students.
(object)
(receiving action)
washes
(active verb)
the dishes.
(object)
(receiving action)
PASSIVE FORM
In some sentences, speakers use the passive form. In the passive
form, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing doing the action is optionally included at the end of the sentence.
You can use the passive form if you think the thing receiving the action
is more important or should be emphasized.
[receiver of the action] + [BE] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing
doing action]
EXAMPLES:
The students
(subject)
(receiving action)
are taught
(passive verb)
by the professor.
(doing action)
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The dishes
(subject)
(receiving action)
are washed
(passive verb)
by Joan.
(doing action)
B. Intransitive Verb (IV)
Intransitive verb is complete in itself even when there is no
object.
Examples:
S
IV
(where)
English language is used in the world today.
S
IV
(where)
The Angles came from Engle.
S
IV
(where)
Most of the Celtic speakers were pushed into Wales, Cornwall and
Scotland.
NOTE: The above verbs have no object. The words and phrases
placed after the verbs are ADVERB modifiers (answering WHERE)
not objects. The verbs are, therefore, called INTRANSITIVE.
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Summary:
1. Verbs are either action or non-action. Action
verbs are composed of transitive (with
object/s) and intransitive (no object/s). Nonaction
verbs
may
be
linking
or
helping/auxiliary.
2. A Linking verb produces S-LV-C pattern.
3. Transitive verbs generate S-TV-DO, S-TV-IO-DO,
and S-TV-DO-OC patterns.
4. An intransitive verb creates S-IV pattern.
5. Negative transform is produced by adding NOT
after BE and HELPING verbs; DO, DOES, DID,
plus NOT, plus BASE form for NON-BE verbs.
Negative prefixes or negative adverbs can also
be used for negation.
6. Only transitive verbs can be transformed into
passive voice
7. The doer of the action is the subject of the
sentence in active sentences.
8. The receiver of the action is the subject of the
sentence in the passive construction.
9. The passive form is used the thing receiving the
action is more important or should be
emphasized.
Game: Play this Hangman - http://www.quia.com/hm/214354.html
Hangmen
From Rags to Riches
Quizzes: Sentence Pattern: http://www.quia.com/quiz/655247.html
Sentence Transformation: http://www.quia.com/quiz/655627.html
Active-Passive voice Quiz 3
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