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Brachialis Muscle: Origin- halfway down the humerus (both medial and lateral of the radial groove) Insertion- proximal ulna Action- flexes elbow Triceps Medial Head: Origin- proximal half of dorsal humerus Insertion- distal of elbow on the ulna Action- extends elbow Serratus Anterior: Origin- lateral service of ribs 1-8 (bone only) Insertion- medial borer of the scapula Action- moves scapula forward Sport/Activity- benchpress, push-ups Pectoralis Minor: Origin- anterior surface of the ribs 3-5 (just past the origins of the serratus anterior) Insertion- coracoid process of the scapula Action- rotates the shoulder forward Sport/Activity- volleyball, running Pectoralis Major: Origin- ribs 5-7 (actually attaches to fascia of abdominal muscles) Insertion- lateral edge of the most proximal part of the humerus Action-abduct shoulder across body Sport/Activity- basketball, push-ups Sternocostalis Head: Origin- ribs 1-5 on the lateral edge of the sternum Insertion- lateral edge of the humerus, inferior to the insertion of the abdominal head Action- pulls clavicle forward Sport/Activity- tennis, over-head throw Trapezius Minor: Name origin- the trapezius is shaped like a trapezoid Origin- Upper part: External occipital protuberance, medial third of the superior nuchal line, the ligamentum nuchal, and the spinous process of C7. Medial Part: Spinous processes of T1 to T5. Lower Part: Spinous processes of T6 to T12 Insertion- Upper Part: Lateral third of the clavicle and the medial aspect of the acromion process of the scapula. Middle Part: Medial edge of the superior surface of the acromion process of the scapula and the superior edge of the scapular spine. Lower Part: Tubercles of the apex of the scapular spine Action- Upper Part: Upward rotation of the scapula, elevation of the scapula. Middle Part: Retraction of the scapula. Lower Part: Upper rotation of the scapula, depression of the scapula Rhomboid minor: Name origin- the rhomboid is shaped like a rhombus Origin- Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1 Insertion- Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below levator scapulae Action- Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position Gluteus maximus: Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttock Origin- Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament Insertion- Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract Action- Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tract Gluteus minimus: Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus minimus is the smallest muscle in the buttock Origin- Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines Insertion- Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur Action- Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking Frontalis: Name origin- the frontalis is located near the frontal lobe Origin- Occipital : highest nuchal line and mastoid process. Frontal: superior fibers of upper facial muscles Insertion- Galeal aponeurosis Action- Wrinkles forehead and fixes galeal aponeurosis Temporalis: Name origin- the temporalis is located near the temporal lobe Origin-Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and infratemporal crest Insertion- Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible Action- Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retract Orbicularis Oculi: Name origin- The Latin meaning for Orbicularis Oculi is little circle in eye and it is the circular muscle around the eye Origin- Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts) Insertion- Lateral palpebral raphe Action- Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears Transverse abdominis: Name origin- The Latin name for the Transverse abdominis is across and to turn. The muscle is across the abdomen and helps you turn from side to side Origin- Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral half of inguinal ligament Insertion- Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line Action- Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Name origin- The Latin meaning of the flexor carpi ulnaris is to bend the wrist on the ulnar side. That is what that muscle does Origin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head: aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous border of ulna Insertion- Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments Action- Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles Extensor digitorum longus: Name origin- The extensor digiorum longus has a Latin meaning of long muscle that straightens the toes. That is what this muscle does Origin-Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and superior tibiofibular joint Insertion- Extensor expansion of lateral four toes Action- Extends toes and extends foot at ankle SternoCleidomastoid: Name origin-It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. Origin- Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle Insertion- Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal line Action- Flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head when acting together . Extends neck when neck already partially extended Brachioradialis: Name origin- a flexor of the radial side of the forearm arising from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and inserted into the styloid process of the radius. Origin- Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum Insertion- Base of styloid process of radius Action- Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position Biceps Brachii: Name origin- bi=2; caput=head/ceps; biceps=two headed. Origin- Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialis Insertion- posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna Action- Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder Triceps Brachii: Name origin- tri=3; caput=head/ceps; triceps= three headed. Origin- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa Insertion- Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule Action- Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension Teres Minor: Origin- Middle third 3rd lateral border of scapula over teres minor Insertion- Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint Action-Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint Sport/Activity- Pitching in baseball Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder) Infraspinatus: Origin- Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa Insertion- Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint Action- Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint Sport/Activity- Raquet sports Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder) Supraspinatus: Origin- Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate) Insertion- Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint Action- Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint Sport/Activity- Throwing Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder) Teres major: Origin- Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below teres minor Insertion- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Action- Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint Sport/Activity- Ice hockey Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder) Extensor pollicis longus: Origin- Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of radius). Action- Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb Sport/Activity- Tennis, Bowling Joint Spanned- Condyloid (wrist, fingers), Hinge (fingers) Extensor Digitorum: Origin- Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion- External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip Action- Extends all joints of fingers Sport/Activity- Catching a football Joint Spanned- Condyloid , Hinge (fingers) Flexor pollicis longus: Origin- Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action- Flexes distal phalanx of thumb Sport/Activity- Giving a thumbs up Joint Spanned- Hinge (finger) Flexor digitorum superficialis: Origin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus, medial ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and fibrous arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique line Insertion- Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four fingers Action- Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist Sport/Activity- Fist Bump Joint spanned- Condyloid (wrist)