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BIO 313 Worksheet 20 Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Laura Bio 313 Dr. Rodermel 12/7/15 Warm-up: What are the 3 main points about the Lyon Hypothesis? 1. 2. 3. Answer the following questions about Calico Cats: 1. Coat color in cats is a codominant trait and is also located on the X chromosome. Cats can be black, orange or calico. A calico cat has black and orange splotches. In order to be calico. the cat must have an allele for the black color and an allele for the orange color. Use a punnett square to show why there are no male calico cats. 2. A female calico cat is crossed with a male black cat. What are the phenotypes of the offspring and in what proportion? 3. Also located on the X chromosome of a cat is a gene that codes for deafness. This gene is recessive. A black female cat that is heterozygous for deafness (Dd) is crossed with a orange male cat that is not deaf. Show the cross. What are the phenotypes of the offspring and in what proportion? Hint: place two letters on the X chromosome in your cross. (You will need to use two superscript letters on your X chromosome) the female cat has the following alleles BD and Bd; the male cat has only OD, setting up the square will show that the offspring will be: 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 515-294-6624 [email protected] http://www.si.iastate.edu 4. Match the term with the definition: Term Definition Penetrance A trait that is penetrant in males OR females Expressivity A trait that has a larger penetrance in males or females Sex-limited trait Causes death at an early stage in development, so some genotypes do not appear among the progeny Epigenetics Densely staining areas in the nuclei of females Sex-influenced trait Interactions between alleles of a single gene, or rather interactions between the gene products of these alleles Barr Bodies Heritable alterations in the DNA that do not involve base changes, but affect the way DNA sequences are expressed Dominance The degree to which a character is expressed Lethal Allele Percentage of individuals having a particular genotype that express the expected phenotype 5. Another type of non-mendelian trait: Multiple alleles. Human hair color is controlled by one gene with four alleles (with some incomplete dominance): HBr = brown HBd = blonde hr = red hbk = black The possible genotypes and phenotypes: HBd HBd or HBd hbk = blonde HBd hr = strawberry blonde HBrhR = auburn hRhR or hRhbk = red hbk hbk = black What do you think your parent’s phenotypes and genotypes for hair color are? 6. What are your phenotype and genotype for hair color? 7. If someone with auburn hair has children with someone with red hair (but whose mother had black hair), what are the genotype and phenotype probabilities for their children?